Table of
Contents
NATO HANDBOOK ON
THE MEDICAL ASPECTS
OF NBC DEFENSIVE
OPERATIONS
AMedP-6(B)
PART I - NUCLEAR
Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION
101. Purpose of AMedP-6(B), Part I
102. General Impact of Nuclear Weapons
CHAPTER 2 - CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS - ENERGY PRODUCTION AND ATOMIC PHYSICS
SECTION I - GENERAL
201. Introduction
SECTION II - MECHANISMS OF ENERGY PRODUCTION
202. Definition of Explosion
203. Conventional Chemical Explosion
204. Nuclear Detonations
205. Elements and Atomic Structure
206. Isotopes
207. Atomic Mass Unit
208. Symbols and Notation
209. Fission
210. Critical Mass
211. Fusion
SECTION III - RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR RADIATION
212. General
213. Radioactivity
214. Measurement of Radioactivity
215. Nuclear Radiation
216. Interaction With Matter
217. Gamma Interaction
218. Interaction of Charged Particles
219. Specific Ionization
220. Stopping Power
221. Half-Value Layer
222. Neutron Interaction
223. Elastic Collisions
224. Inelastic Collisions
225. Neutron-to-Gamma Ratios
CHAPTER 3 - EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS
SECTION I - GENERAL
301. Introduction
302. General Effects of Nuclear Explosions
303. Initial Energy Transfer and Formation of Fireball
304. Types of Bursts
SECTION II - BLAST
305. Formation of Blast Wave
306. Propagation of Blast Wave in Air
307. Static Overpressure and Dynamic Pressure
308. Blast Loading
309. Drag Loading
310. Shock Waves in Other Media
SECTION III - THERMAL RADIATION
311. Formation of Thermal Radiation
312. Propagation of Thermal Energy
313. Rate of Thermal Emission
314. Shielding
315. Yield and Altitude
316. Thermal Effects
SECTION IV - NUCLEAR RADIATION
317. Sources of Nuclear Radiation
318. Initial Radiation
319. Residual Radiation
320. Fallout
CHAPTER 4 - BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF A NUCLEAR EXPLOSION
SECTION I - GENERAL
401. Introduction
SECTION II - BLAST INJURY
402. General
403. Direct Blast Injury
404. Indirect Blast Wind Drag Forces
405. Missile Injury
406. Crush and Translational Injuries
SECTION III - THERMAL INJURY
407. Mechanism of Injury
408. Thermal Effects
409. Thermal Energy and Burns to Exposed Skin
410. Flash Burns Under Clothing
411. Flame Burns
412. Eye Injuries
CHAPTER 5 - BIOPHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION
SECTION I - GENERAL
501. Introduction
SECTION II - BASIC BIOPHYSICAL ACTION OF IONIZING RADIATION
502. Nuclear Radiation
503. Gamma Radiation
504. Neutron Radiation
505. Beta Radiation
506. Alpha Radiation
507. Radiochemical Action
SECTION III - CELLULAR EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION
508. General
509. Relative Cellular Radiosensitivity
510. Relative Organ Radiosensitivity
511. Radiation-Induced Chromosome Damage
512. Genetic Effects
513. Cell Kinetic Effects
514. Bone-Marrow Kinetics
515. Erythropoietic
516. Myelopoietic
517. Thrombopoietic
518. Gastrointestinal Kinetics
SECTION IV - SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF WHOLE-BODY IRRADIATION
519. General
520. Median Lethal Dose (LD
50
)
521. Reproductive Cell Kinetics and Sterility
522. Recovery
SECTION V - DELAYED EFFECTS
523. General
524. Carcinogenesis
525. Cataract Formation
526. Chronic Radiodermatitis
SECTION VI - INTERNAL IRRADIATION
527. Introduction
528. Incorporation of Radioactive Material
529. Elimination of Isotopes
CHAPTER 6 - GENERAL MEDICAL EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS: DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND PROGNOSIS
SECTION I - GENERAL
601. Introduction
SECTION II - BLAST INJURIES
602. General
603. Diagnosis
604. Treatment
SECTION III - THERMAL INJURIES
605. General
606. Diagnosis
607. Area of Burn
608. Involvement of Critical Organs
609. Depth of Burn
610. Treatment
611. Care of Burn Wound
SECTION IV - RADIATION INJURY AND COMBINED INJURY
612. General
613. Clinical Course of Radiation Sickness
614. Hematopoietic Syndrome
615. Gastrointestinal Syndrome
616. Neurovascular Syndrome
617. Diagnosis
618. Decontamination of Patient
619. Initial Treatment for Patients With Whole-Body Radiation Injury
620. Diagnosis and Treatment of Patient With Combined Injuries
621. Management of Infection
622. Future Concerns for Management of Radiation Injuries
623. Effect of Radiation Injury on Response to Trauma
624. Effect of Injuries on Response to Radiation Sickness
SECTION V - PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR WARFARE
625. Epidemic Disease Hazards Caused by Nuclear War
626. Biomedical Impact of Nuclear Winter
SECTION VI - PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR WARFARE
627. General
628. Diagnosis
629. Factors Determining Response
630. Treatment
631. Prevention
CHAPTER 7 - MEDICAL PLANNING AND OPERATIONS IN NUCLEAR WAR
SECTION I - GENERAL
701. Introduction
SECTION II - STAFF-LEVEL MEDICAL PLANNING AND OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES
702. General
703. Organization of the Medical Support System
704. Mobility of Medical Support
705. Coordination with other Allies
706. Casualty and Damage Assessment
707. Logistical Support System
708. Personnel and Medical Unit Requirements
709. Command Radiation Guidance
SECTION III - MEDICAL UNIT PLANNING AND OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES
710. General
711. Unit Mobility
712. Rescue and Damage Control
713. Handling Large Numbers of Casualties
714. Unit Operations in Fallout
715. Performance of Mission in a Radiologically Contaminated Environment
716. Field Expedient Fallout Shelters
717. Handling of Radiologically Contaminated Patients
718. Patient Decontamination
ANNEX A - RADIATION DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT
ANNEX B - HAZARDS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS ACCIDENTS
ANNEX C - GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR MEDICAL SUPPORT IN NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS
REFERENCES
GLOSSARY
