Russian Defense Business Directory

Geographical List - S

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SAMARA

SARANSKSARATOVSEVERSKSHADRINSKSMOLENSKSNEZHINSKSTERLITAMAKST. PETERSBURG (including LENINGRAD OBLAST)

SAMARA

ENTERPRISE NAME: CENTRAL SPECIALIZED DESIGN BUREAU (PHOTON DESIGN BUREAU)

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: CSDB, Tsentralnoye spetsializirovannoye konstruktorskoye byuro (TsSKB).

ADDRESS:

443009, Samara, Russia

Ulitsa Pskovskaya, 18

Central Specialized Design Bureau

443001, Samara, Russia

Ulitsa Molodogvardelskaya, 151

Photon Design Bureau

Telephone: (011-7-846) 222-28-14, 222-28-41, 233-26-32 (Photon Design Bureau); Telex: 214153 NIKA SU; Teletype: 214240 IKAR; Fax: (011-7-846) 227-20-70

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Central Specialized Design Bureau is the main enterprise for the development of space launch vehicles and satellites for research purposes in Russia, including satellites for studying the natural resources and environment of the Earth. The first spacecraft of CSDB design was launched in 1963. The CSDB developed and implemented the "Europe-America-500" project, under which in November 1992 a Resurs-500 satellite with nineteen containers was launched on an SL-4 from Plesetsk in Russia and splashed down near Seattle in the United States in commemoration of the 500th anniversary of the New World. The CSDB is developing the "Rus," a successor to the SL-3, SL-4, and SL-6 launch vehicles. The Rus will be capable of servicing the Mir-2 space station from the northern launch site of Plesetsk. The CSDB is closely associated with the Samara Progress Plant, which builds many of its designs. The Photon Design Bureau serves as the foreign trade firm within CSDB.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Space launch vehicle and satellite design; SIC Code: 0723, 1382, 2034, 2044, 2096, 2099, 2655, 3411, 3479, 3496, 3523, 3556, 3585, 3663, 3861, 7335

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of General Machine-Building

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 5,000; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Dmitriy Ilich Kozlov, General Director

Vladimir Mikhaylovich Saygak, Commercial

Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1959

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Designs for space launch vehicles, including the SL-3, SL-4 and SL-6; designs for satellites, including the Resurs-F1 and -F2 (photographic), Photon (space materials) and Bion (space medicine and biology)

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Designs of space launch vehicles and satellites for civil uses. The CSDB has also designed automated complexes for the storage and processing of oil-yielding and grain crops; automated complexes for the bread-baking, meat-packing, and confectionery industries; and closed complexes for the storage and processing of potatoes.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: The CSDB began in 1985 to develop the Photon-series satellite for experiments in microgravity and space materials technology. Experiments on board Photon satellites have been used to obtain semiconducting materials and biologically pure medicines. An improved version of the Photon, the Nika-T, is in development.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: The Photon Design Bureau was established within CSDB in 1985 to act as a foreign trade firm and to design future space complexes and systems. Photon specializes in combining payloads on board space launch vehicles and offers services to foreign partners including placement of payloads on board satellites for research projects; launching of satellites in various countries by SL-3, SL-4, and SL-6 launch vehicles; using space technology for commercial advertising; and cooperation in developing new models of space equipment.

ENTERPRISE NAME: EKRAN PLANT

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: Zavod "Ekran", PO "Ekran"

ADDRESS:

443022, Samara, Russia

Prospekt Kirova, 24

Ekran Plant

Telephone: (011-7-8462) 27-18-54, 29-22-47; Telex: N/A; Teletype: 21425 VOLNA; Fax: (011-7-8462) 27-18-34

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Ekran Plant is a long-time producer of electronic systems for military equipment. Its civil product lines include home television sets, radio communications equipment, medical equipment, ultrasonic instruments, and home appliances.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Electronics; SIC Code: 3639, 3651, 3663, 3679, 3699, 3829, 3845, 3944

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Radio Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

A. Tyumin, General Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Electronic systems for military equipment.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: VHF radio broadcast transmitters; digital radio relay stations in the megahertz range; ultrasonic flowmeters for measuring rate-of-flow and quantity of water transported by pipeline in systems of water supply, irrigation, sewerage, and heating supply; television sets; components for tape recorder cassettes; and toys.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Ekran has developed a new satellite television receiver and has announced plans for railroad ticket-selling equipment, new models of television sets, and increased production of medical equipment, ultrasonic instruments, and home appliances.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: PROGRESS PLANT

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Zavod "Progress" imeni Marshala D.F. Ustinova

ADDRESS:

443009, Samara, Russia

Ulitsa Pskovskaya, 18

Progress Plant

Telephone: (011-7-846) 258-47-72; Telex: 224869 ZALP; Teletype: 214204 ZALP; Fax: (011-7-846) 258-46-11

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Progress Plant is a leading producer of space launch vehicles and research satellites in Russia. The former "State Aviation Plant No. 1" was evacuated from Moscow to Kuybyshev (Samara) in 1941 to produce aircraft for World War II. The plant was divided in 1958, with Progress specializing in rocket and spacecraft technology. It produced the rocket that put Yuriy Gagarin into space. Today, Progress is producing a new Energiya-M space launch vehicle capable of carrying payloads of up to 40 tons. The Engergiya-M is planned to launch a communications platform in 1993.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Space launch vehicles, satellites; SIC Code: 3259, 3275, 3469, 3556, 3631, 3634, 3743, 3841

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of General Machine-Building

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Anatoliy Alekseyevich Chizhov, General Director

Anatoliy Petrushin, Deputy Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1941

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Space launch vehicles, including the SL-3, SL-4, SL-6, SL-17 Energiya, and Energiya-M; satellites, including the Resurs-F1 and F2 (photographic), Photon (space materials), and Bion (space medicine and biology).

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Disposable syringes; automatic sausage machines; furniture and household items.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Progress plans to begin production of railroad cars for electric trains in the near future. The production of disposable syringes at Progress accounted for one-half of the plant's profits in 1991 and it is the largest syringe production facility in Russia and Europe.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Products and services of Progress are available through the Photon Design Bureau, an element of the Central Specialized Design Bureau which also acts as the foreign trade firm of the Progress plant. These services include placement of payloads onboard satellites for research projects and launchings of satellites in various countries by SL-3, SL-4, and SL-6 space launch vehicles.

ENTERPRISE NAME: SAMARA FRUNZE ENGINE-BUILDING PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: Samarskoye motorostroitelnoye PO imeni Frunze

ADDRESS:

443009 Samara, Russia

Zavodskoye Shosse, 29

Samara Frunze Engine-Building Production Association

Telephone: (011-7-8462) 51-12-12 (General Director), 29-32-85 (Deputy General Director for Foreign Relations), 25-12-01 (Production Manager), 29-32-81; Telex: 214157 KTEX SU; Teletype: N/A; Fax: (011-7-8462) 27-16-70

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Samara Frunze Engine-Building Production Association is one of the principal aerospace engine production complexes in Russia, with six plants and 25,000 employees. It has produced turbojet and turboprop engines for military and civil use, including Blackjack and Backfire bombers and Tu-154 transports. The NK-12M engine produced by Frunze is the most powerful turboprop in the world. Samara Frunze also produced engines for the Salyut spacecraft and for the Mir space station. More recently, Frunze has begun producing turbine engines for gas pipeline pumping stations and expects to market improved future versions internationally.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Aircraft engines; SIC Code: 3469, 3519, 3631, 3724, 3949

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Aviation Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 25,000; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Igor L. Shitarev, General Director

Mikhail N. Barkov, Deputy General Director for Foreign Relations

Valeriy P. Kurbatov, Production Manager

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: Pre-World War II

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Engines for: Blackjack (Tu-160) and Backfire bombers, rockets, "Salyut" spacecraft and the "Mir" space station.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Turbojet engines for Tu-154 transport aircraft; other aircraft apparatus; industrial gas turbines; articles for sport and tourism; outboard boat engines.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Powder metallurgy technology

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Electric samovars.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: TRUD STATE SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: GNPO "Trud", Kuznetsov Design Bureau, Kuybyshev Engine Design Bureau (KKBM)

ADDRESS:

443026, Samara, Russia

Trud State Scientific Production Association

Telephone: (011-7-8462) 50-02-28, 50-45-51; Telex: 214172 ZELJ; Fax: (011-7-8462) 50-12-11, 50-39-79

GENERAL OVERVIEW: One of Russia's major aircraft engine design bureaus, the Trud State Scientific Production Association specializes in design of high-power engines for transport and bomber aircraft. The organization was originally known as the Kuznetsov Design Bureau, after its founder and current director. Many of its engines are serially produced by the Frunze Machine-Building Production Association, also in Samara.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Aircraft engine design; SIC Code: 2813, 3423, 3523, 3721, 3724

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Aviation Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Nikolay Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov, General Director

Vladimir N. Orlov, Chief Designer

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: Late 1940's

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Designed NK-series engines for the Tu-160 Blackjack bomber, Tu-155 testbed aircraft, Tu-95 Bear bomber, and various transport aircraft.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Is developing the NK-93 and ND-92 counter-rotating propfans for stretched Tu-204 and Il-96 civil transports, and the projected Il-90 airliner, respectively; developed the NK-86 engine for the Il-86 jetliner. Its NK-8-4K, NK-87, and 12MK engines are used on the Superseaplane wing-in-ground-effect aircraft. Several engines for light and ultralight aircraft are of Kuznetsov design.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Trud is conducting experimental work on the use of liquid hydrogen and liquified natural gas as fuels for jet aircraft engines. It has an impressive strength laboratory dedicated to improving the strength and longevity of powerplants and components.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Production of power garden equipment for small-scale farming and gardening.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: The Trud State Scientific Production Association is comparable to Western facilities in terms of physical plant and approach to manufacturing processes. It is engaged in a year-long study with a team of Russian, German, and U. S. companies on the feasibility of using liquid hydrogen and liquified natural gas as fuels for commercial transports and is hoping to test these alternate fuels on U.S.-made engines. The enterprise is offering to sell over 90 liquid-propellant engines left over from the failed N-1 Moon rocket program.

SARANSK

ENTERPRISE NAME: SARANSK MECHANICAL PLANT

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: Saranskiy mekhanicheskiy zavod, Saranskiy ordena Otechestvennoye voyny 1-y stenpeni mekhanicheskiy zavod, Saransk Order of the Great Patriotic War 1st Degree Mechanical Plant.

ADDRESS:

430000, Saransk, Russia (Republic of Mordovia)

Saransk Mechanical Plant

Telephone: (011-7-83422) 9-99-50, 4-28-90; Telex: 256121 TSINK; Fax: N/A

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Saransk Mechanical Plant is a defense plant associated with the Nitro-Vzryv Concern, a large Russian organization that deals with explosives, pyrotechnic devices, and munitions. It is now offering a variety of mechanical products on the civilian market.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Munitions; SIC Code: 3462, 3465, 3469, 3542, 3556, 3647, 3751

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of Machine-Building

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Vadim Mikhailovich Rakov, Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Munitions

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Bicycles; passenger motor vehicles parts, electrical equipment, non-electrical household stoves, metalcutting machine tools, spare parts for food catering equipment.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: N/A

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

SARATOV

ENTERPRISE NAME: INZHEKT BRANCH OF THE VOLGA SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: Filial "Inzhekt" NII "Volga", NII znakosintezirayshey elektroniki, AO "Reflektor", PO "Reflektor"

ADDRESS:

410052 Saratov, Russia

Prospekt 50 Let Octyabrya, 101

Inzhekt Branch of the Volga Scientific Research Institute

Telephone: (011-7-8452) 17-46-73, 17-47-30, 13-21-35 (NII "Volga"); 13-32-98 (AO "Reflektor"); Telex: 241111 ZARYA SU (NII "Volga"); 241126 ZARYA SU (AO "Reflektor"); Teletype: 241138 ZARYA; Fax: (011-7-8452) 24-56-50 (NII "Volga"); 13-32-98 (AO "Reflektor")

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Inzhekt is a branch of the Volga Scientific Research Institute, a subcomponent of the Reflektor Joint-Stock Company. Reflektor was founded in 1953 as the largest supplier of receiver and amplifier tubes for electronic communications equipment. Reflektor is currently a major producer of modern electronic articles and components, including semiconductor lasers, picture tubes, receiving and transmitting modules for optical fiber connections, liquid crystal and large dimensional alphanumeric displays, graphic display tubes, and multi-color luminescent displays.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Electronics; SIC Code: 3229, 3469, 3571, 3577, 3578, 3641, 3651, 3663, 3671, 3674, 3823, 3825, 3845, 3944

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of Electronics Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Nikolai G. Kuzmin, General Director of AO "Reflektor"

Nikolai D. Zhukov, Chief Engineer of AO "Reflektor"

OWNERSHIP: NII "Volga" is part of the Reflector Joint-Stock Company.

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Components for electronics for military applications.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Minicomputers, calculators, portable electronic and medical equipment, microwave ovens, cash registers, videomonitors, electronic desk multiprogramme clocks, outdoor clocks with temperature mode, wall clocks, pulse circuits and generators, high-and-low frequency amplifiers, radioelectronics, cable television, fiber-optic sensors, compact disk audio and video systems, medical laser therapy, optical distance meter, security systems, wine glasses, bulbs for street lights, vases, sheet glass, watches, electronic games.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: N/A

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: SARATOV AVIATION PLANT

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Saratovskiy aviatsionnyy zavod

ADDRESS:

410015, Saratov, Russia

Ulitsa Ordzhonikidze

Saratov Aviation Plant

Telephone: (011-7-8452) 44-46-20, 44-01-01, 44-01-03; Telex: N/A; Teletype: 241110 FREZA; Fax: (011-7-8452) 44-36-07

GENERAL OVERVIEW: One of the largest privatized companies in Russia, the Saratov Aviation Plant produces the Yak-42 series passenger jetliner and plans production of further modifications of this model and of smaller passenger and cargo planes. In the past it also built combat aircraft, including the Yak-38 V/STOL fighter.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Aviation; SIC Code: 3469, 3496, 3499, 3524, 3596, 3944, 3949, 3751

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Aviation Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 15,000; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Aleksandr Viktorovich Yermishin, General Director

OWNERSHIP: Joint Stock; 100 percent of shares owned by employees and retirees since 1991.

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1931

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Yak-42; Yak-38 and Yak-38U V/STOL jets (ceased); cruise missiles (ceased).

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Yak-42 and Yak-40 passenger aircraft.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: The Saratov Aircraft Plant has almost entirely withdrawn from military production and is developing modified Yak-42 models (Yak-42A and Yak-42M) for the civilian market. It is also planning to restart production of a modified Yak-40 passenger aircraft and is developing a multi-purpose light airplane, the T-401. The plant has designed and constructed an experimental saucer-shaped craft called "Ekip". It has also begun production of consumer goods, such as kitchen utensils, metal toys, children's sleighs, baby carriages, and bicycles.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: The plant owns a large amount of worker housing, several collective farms, and health-care facilities.

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: The Saratov Aviation Plant has exported a large proportion of its production of Yak-42 passenger airliners to China and Cuba and has negotiated sales with Israel, India, Italy and Greece. Plans are under way for retooling production lines to meet U. S. Federal Aviation Administration standards in order to market planes in the West.

ENTERPRISE NAME: SARATOV ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: Saratovskoye elektroagregatnoye proizvodstvennoye obedineniye, AO "SEPO", Saratov Electroaggregate Production Association

ADDRESS:

410033 Saratov, Russia

Prospekt 50 Let Oktyabrya

Saratov Electrical Components Production Association

Telephone: (011-7-8452) 13-24-35, 13-24-74, 13-37-55, 17-85-19 (Marketing); Telex: N/A; Teletype: 241064 SOKOL; Fax: (011-7-8452) 14-06-23, 13-36-21

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Saratov Electrical Components Production Association historically has produced aircraft products mostly for military use. Within the past two years output of consumer durables, especially large-capacity refrigerators, has expanded rapidly reducing the military share of output to less than 10 percent. The association is modernizing facilities and plans to expand production of refrigerators to 750,000 units a year, and substantially increase exports. The Saratov Electrical Components Production Association includes the Krasnokutskiy Electromechanical Plant located in Krasnyy Kut.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Aircraft components; SIC Code: 3089, 3548, 3553, 3556, 3629, 3632, 3639, 3728

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Aviation Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 20,000; Date: 1993

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Valentin Grigoryevich Pavlyukov, General Director

Yuriy Gusarov, Director of Marketing

OWNERSHIP: Joint-stock company

YEAR ESTABLISHED: Pre-1960

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Aircraft control systems, measuring systems, and other aircraft indicators.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: "Saratov" refrigerators, 380 liter two-chamber refrigeration units, plastic articles, juice extractors and other food preparation devices, sport simulators, welding apparatus, TV remote control units, wood-working machine tools, battery chargers, oil-cleaning equipment, and portable hand-sewing machines.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: West German equipment and technology is used to produce refrigeration equipment.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: This plant plans to produce portable color television sets and control systems for internal combustion engines. Other planned production includes fans, valves, printed circuits, and other electronic items.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: ZNAMYA TRUDA PLANT

LAST UPDATE: November 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Zavod "Znamya Truda", Banner of Labor Plant

ADDRESS:

410040, Saratov, Russia

Prospekt 50 let Oktyabrya, 108

Znamya Truda Plant

Telephone: (011-7-8452) 17-63-01, 17-63-02, 17-63-03, 13-30-33; Telex: N/A; Teletype: 241142 PLES; Fax: N/A

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Znamya Truda Plant produces special radar units--including missile fire-control radars--for naval warships.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Naval ship radars; SIC Code: 3061, 3089, 3431, 3541, 3545, 3572, 3812, 3825

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

David Borisovich Litvak, Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Naval ship surface-to-air missile fire-control radars.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Radio navigation equipment for airplanes, helicopters, and ships; calibration/test equipment for shipboard radars; "Parus" ("Sail") tape recorders; tool-grinding machines; drill chucks, metal-cutting machine tools; bathroom fixtures; plastic and rubber products.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: "Parus" P-12 satellite dish antennas; twin-tape-deck recorder/players; mini-brickmaking machines.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: As of May 1993 Znamya Truda reportedly had no state orders for naval radars.

SEVERSK

ENTERPRISE NAME: SIBERIAN CHEMICAL COMBINE

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: Sibirskiy khimicheskiy kombinat, Sibkhimkombinat, SKhK, Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises.

ADDRESS:

636070, Seversk, Russia (Tomsk Oblast)

Siberian Chemical Combine

Telephone: (011-7-3822) 77-17-98; Telex: 128112 PTB SU, 128122 IRT SU, 614189 IRT SU; Teletype: 128121, 128612 IRTYSH; Fax: (011-7-3822) 77-25-28; E-Mail: SIBHIMKOMBINAT/TOMSK.SC@SPRINT.NET

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The combine consists of several facilities: a uranium isotope separation plant, dual-purpose reactors (plutonium and power), a reprocessing plant for plutonium extraction, various civil production facilities, and a fissionable materials storage facility where components from nuclear weapons dismantled under the Gorbachev-Reagan agreement are kept. It is located in a closed city known as Tomsk-7 or Seversk, 15 km north-northwest of Tomsk.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Nuclear and metallurgical products; SIC Code: 2819

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of Medium Machine-Building

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 18,000; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Gennadiy Pavlovich Khandorin, Director

Viktor Ivanovich Petrushev, Deputy Director

Vladimir Kondakov, Plant Manager

Vyacheslav Yudin, Deputy Chief of the reactor

Yevgeniy N. Maly, Deputy Director of Scientific

Engineering Center

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled.

YEAR ESTABLISHED: The first nuclear reactor at Tomsk-7 for producing plutonium for military purposes was activated in 1955.

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Nuclear weapons material, including plutonium; uranium.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Processing of uranium products (including low-enriched uranium) and radioactive materials for foreign firms; inorganic fluorides; parts for domestic mixer faucets; living room and kitchen fixtures; magnetic alloys; strong permanent or high-energy magnets; supersolid metals including zirconium and yttrium oxides hyperfine mixture, hyperfine aluminum oxide, fine-dispersed ferrum oxide, hyperfine chromium oxide, hyperfine copper powder, hyperfine magnesium oxide, hyperfine copper oxide, hyperfine cerium oxide, zirconium and magnesium oxides, and hyperfine zirconium oxide.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: The Siberian Chemical Combine includes two operating dual purpose nuclear reactors, a reprocessing plant for plutonium extraction, and a uranium isotope enrichment plant.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Magnetic alloys, strong permanent magnets, and supersolid metals.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: A new facility for storing plutonium and uranium components recovered from dismantled nuclear warheads may be built in Tomsk-7, although there is strong local public opposition to the project. The plant does not, however, plan to participate in the reprocessing of weapons-grade plutonium or in dismantling nuclear warheads. French firms agreed in January 1991 to pay the Siberian Chemical Combine $50,000,000 a year for several years to provide uranium enrichment of foreign raw materials and return them to France, a service by which the French can reuse nuclear power station waste products. French personnel are now on site.

SHADRINSK

ENTERPRISE NAME: AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS JOINT STOCK COMPANY

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: AO "Avtoagregat", Shadrinskiy avtoagregatnyy zavod, Shadrinsk Automotive Components Plant, SHAAZ

ADDRESS:

641800, Shadrinsk, Russia (Kurgan Oblast)

Ulitsa Sverdlova, 6

Automotive Components Joint Stock Company

Telephone: (011-7-35253) 2-59-75 (General Director), 2-35-26 (Deputy General Director), 2-62-96 (Marketing Department), 2-63-66 (Sales Department); Telex: N/A; Teletype: 120124; Fax: (011-7-35253) 2-63-93, 2-63-97

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Automotive Components Joint Stock Company is a long-time producer of components and accessories for military and civil motor vehicles. For conversion it has been diversifying into products for the home kitchen, for gardeners, and for campers and travelers.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Motor vehicle components; SIC Code: 2514, 2599, 3466, 3469, 3496, 3524, 3586, 3589

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Motor Vehicle Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 7,500; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Vladimir Grigoryevich Vesich, General Director

OWNERSHIP: Joint-stock company

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1941

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Components for military motor vehicles.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Motor vehicle components including gasoline- and diesel-fueled heaters (suitable also for use as space heaters), engine pre-heaters for winter conditions, engine radiators, air conditioning radiators, gasoline pumps, and carburetors; tools including hydraulic and screw jacks of various capacities, grease guns, and tire pump parts.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Gardening carts; baggage carts; carts for transporting water bottles; camping equipment, including gasoline stoves and light grills; home kitchen equipment, such as storage cabinets, waffle irons, kitchen utensils, and stainless-steel home canning lids.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION:

ENTERPRISE NAME: SHADRINSK TELEPHONE PLANT

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Shadrinskiy telefonnyy zavod

ADDRESS:

641800, Shadrinsk, Russia

Ulitsa Komsomolskaya, 12

Shadrinsk Telephone Plant

Telephone: (011-7-35252) 2-26-02, 2-53-60, 2-30-03; Telex: N/A; Fax: N/A

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Shadrinsk Telephone Plant makes telephone apparatus, personal computers, and other communications and computer-related equipment for civil use. It also makes long-distance communications equipment including radio-relay systems for the military.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Communications equipment; SIC Code: 3661

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Communications Equipment Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 2,000; Date: 1971

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Boris Alekseyevich Tkachev, Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Long-distance communications equipment.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Telephone apparatus, community antennas, loud speakers, personal computers, disk controllers, welded metalwork, plastic articles.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: N/A

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

SMOLENSK

ENTERPRISE NAME: SMOLENSK AVIATION PLANT JOINT STOCK COMPANY

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: SmAZ, Smolensk Aircraft Plant

ADDRESS:

214006 Smolensk, Russia

Ulitsa Frunze, 74

Smolensk Aviation Plant Joint Stock Company

Telephone: (011-7-081-00) 2-05-29, 2-93-07, 2-97-04, 2-93-04; Telex: N/A; Teletype: 281260 RUS; Fax: (011-7-081-00) 2-93-08

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Smolensk Aviation Plant Joint Stock Company (SmAZ) is the oldest aviation enterprise in Russia. It produces a wide range of light aircraft and aircraft parts. During the 60's and 70's SmAZ primarily produced aircraft and aircraft parts designed by the Yakovlev Design Bureau. During the 1980's production at Smolensk included the Myasishchev-designed high-altitude M-55 Geofizika aircraft, and parts for the Buran space shuttle. SmAZ continues production for Yak and Myasishchev and is preparing for production of an indigenously designed seven passenger light aircraft. In addition, SmAZ produces medical and light industry equipment.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Aircraft and aircraft parts; SIC Code: 2836, 3541, 3721, 3842

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Aviation Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Leonid Afanasyevich Serykh, General Director

OWNERSHIP: Joint Stock

YEAR ESTABLISHED: Pre-WW-II

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Aircraft and aircraft parts

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: SmAZ produces light passenger aircraft such as the Yak-18T; the single engine four seat Yak-112; and the twin engine M-55 (Mystic-B) Geofizika research aircraft. Preparations are under way for future production of the Smolensk-designed seven passenger Sm-92 Finist aircraft. The plant also continues to produce wings for the Yak-40TL transport aircraft. In addition, SmAZ produces medical surgical equipment such as plasma scalpels, and equipment for light industries.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: In early March 1993, SmAZ concluded the sale of a Yak-18T to the Philippines, one of its first buyers. SmAZ expects many more orders for the Yak-18T since it is the only series-produced multipurpose light aircraft currently on the market in the Commonwealth of Independent States. SmAZ is also cooperating with the Yak Corporation (formerly the Yakovlev Design Bureau) to export SmAZ-produced Yak-112 aircraft. Export models of the Yak-112 were being built with engine technology support from Teledyne Continental Motors and Textron-Lycoming, and navigation equipment from Allied Signal. SmAZ planned to produce up to two hundred Yak-112 aircraft per year.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Although the Smolensk Aviation Plant (SmAZ) joined with the Yakovlev Design Bureau in March 1992 to form the Yak Aviation Company, the two entities appear to be operating separately. SmAZ has traditionally produced aircraft and aircraft parts designed by Yakovlev Design Bureau.

SNEZHINSK

ENTERPRISE NAME: ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL PHYSICS (VNIITF)

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: Vserossiyskiy nauchno-issledovatelnyy institut tekhnicheskoy fiziki; Vsesoyuznyy nauchno-issledovatelskiy institut tekhnicheskoi fiziki; VNIITF; Snezhinsk; Chelyabinsk-70

ADDRESS:

454070, Snezhinsk, Russia

A/Ya 245

All-Russian Institute of Technical Physics

Telephone: (011-7-35172) 3-29-60; Telex: N/A; Teletype: N/A; Fax: (011-7-35172) 3-20-77

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Created as a back-up facility for the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics at Kremlev, the All-Russian Institute for Theoretical Physics (VNIITF) has at its disposal expertise in the entire spectrum of work connected with the design and development of nuclear weapons, including nuclear physics, high-pressure physics, hydrodynamics, mathematical modelling, design and technological work on nuclear devices, nuclear effects monitoring. The institute has initiated a number of highly technical conversion projects based on this expertise. It has a collocated experimental plant for production of prototypes designed at the institute.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Nuclear research; SIC Code: 3443

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Atomic Energy Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 17,000; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Vladimir Z. Nechay, Director

Yevgeniy N. Avrorin, Research Director

Anatoliy A. Ryabov, Director of Experimental

Plant

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1955

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Development of nuclear weapons; investigation of nuclear explosion effects

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: N/A

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: VNIITF's experimental plant has shops for machining; instrument-building, with a microwelding facility; electronic equipment assembly; casting; molding; specialized optics production for use in experiments and in laser equipment; and a shop for preparation of precision high-explosive charges in various configurations.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Development and production of fiber optic components, development of a computerized topographical map, diamond coating of cutting tools; medical instruments, including research on an X-ray computer-aided tomograph, medical laser equipment, an instrument for quantum hemotherapy, and high-temperature-resistant reusable hypodermic syringes; electrochemical power sources; irradiation equipment; and radiation monitoring equipment. The experimental plant of VNIITF has done intricate ornamental metal castings on a commercial basis.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: VNIITF is located in the city of Snezhinsk (until recently called Chelyabinsk-70), one of Russia's formerly secret, closed cities, with a population of approximately 50,000. Although declared a Federal Nuclear Center by President Yeltsin in 1992, the institute is suffering from a lack of necessary financing. It is interested in cooperation with foreign scientists and is open to proposals from enterprises for complex projects of any kind.

STERLITAMAK

ENTERPRISE NAME: STERLITAMAK AVANGARD PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: April 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Sterlitamakskoye PO "Avangard." Key Facility: Sterlitamak Avangard Plant

ADDRESS:

453102, Sterlitamak, Russia (Republic of Bashkortostan)

Ulitsa O. Koshevogo, 2

Sterlitamak Avangard Production Association

Telephone: (011-7-34711) 3-07-34, 3-24-68, 9-68-21, 9-60-05; Telex: N/A; Teletype: 162173, 662318, 162175 STANOK; Fax: N/A; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Avangard's military production includes ingredients for solid rocket motors. For civilian markets, Avangard specializes in production of two chemicals used in manufacturing: plasticizer dioctyphthalate (PD) and phthalic anhydride (PA). It also manufactures general industrial goods and consumer goods from these two basic products.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Chemicals; SIC Code: 2869

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Defense Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Georgiy Alekseyevich Ivanov, General Director

Sergey Nikolayevich Kuznetsov, Chief Engineer

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Chemicals for solid rocket motors.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Polyethylene film, varnish, paint products (including enamels and lacquers), motor fuel additives, linoleum, rubber boats and mattresses, adhesives.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: N/A

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: To expand its output, Avangard has plans to upgrade its processes for manufacturing PA and PD. It is seeking equipment and joint ventures in the West to carry out the upgrade.

ENTERPRISE NAME: STERLITAMAK MACHINE-BUILDING PLANT

LAST UPDATE: April 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Sterlitamakskiy mashinostroitelnyy zavod, STEMA

ADDRESS:

453125, Sterlitamak, Russia (Republic of Bashkortostan)

Ulitsa Gogolya, 124

Sterlitamak Machine-Building Plant

Telephone: (011-7-34711) 4-94-10, 3-19-20, 4-94-13 (Director), 4-45-77 (Assistant Director), 4-47-55 (Information), 4-35-44, 4-09-12, 4-11-26; Telex: N/A; Teletype: 662358 TRAK; Fax: (011-7-34711) 4-35-77; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: This facility, one of Russia's newest defense plants, produces the 152-mm 2S19 self-propelled howitzer. The majority of Sterlitamak's workforce produces civilian goods, particularly equipment for the food-processing industry. The Sterlitamak plant is part of the Uraleletrotyzmash Scientific Production Association (NPO Uraleletrotyzmash).

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Artillery, machine tools; SIC Code: 3489, 3541

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Defense Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 8,000; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Viktor Aleksandrovich Sukhanov, Director

Mikhail L. Lezhnev, Director

Eugene Chochlov, Assistant Director

Valeriy L. Golichenkov, Chief Engineer

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: Construction begun 1983, production began 1988

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: 152-mm 2S19 self-propelled howitzer.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Bottling machines, bottle-washing machines, bottle sterilization machines, conveyors, water-cleaning installations, box washing machines, clothes washers, vacuum cleaners, washing machines, electromagnetic pumps, agricultural equipment.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Sterlitamak uses a variety of machine tools, including lathes, milling machines, a drill press, a cutting machine, and automatic welding machines. Most are of Soviet design.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Two-thirds of Sterlitamak's workers are on non-military production lines, manufacturing a wide range of machinery for the food processing industry.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: The plant runs several schools, including technical colleges, as well as a hotel and farms.

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Sterlitamak seeks investors interested in producing Western-designed minitractors, tractors, and cross-country vehicles.

ST. PETERSBURG

ENTERPRISE NAME: ADMIRALTY SHIPYARD ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Obedineniye "Admiralteyskiye Verfi", Leningradskoye Admiralteyskoye obedineniye (LAO), Admiralty Shipyards

ADDRESS:

190008, St. Petersburg, Russia

Naberezhnaya Reki Fontanki, 203

Admiralty Shipyard Association

Telephone: (011-7-812) 114-09-81, 114-87-23, 114-88-81, 216-72-49; 216-76-07 (Commercial Director); 312-72-12 (General Director); Telex: 121202 RIF SU; Teletype: 121721 RIF; Fax: (011-7-812) 311-13-71

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Admiralty yard in St. Petersburg is one of the oldest and largest shipyards in Russia. It was established as the New Admiralty yard in 1800, supplementing and soon replacing the Main Admiralty yard that had been founded in the center of the city a century earlier, and was transferred to its current location as the Admiralty Shipyard in 1908. It was a major builder of battleships in the 19th century and submarines and cruisers in the 20th. Since the mid-1950s, its surface-ship facilities have specialized on large merchant ships, icebreakers, large rescue and salvage ships, fish-factory ships, floating drydocks, and a few naval auxiliaries (notably the three large missile range support ships of the Marshal Nedelin class). In 1966 the yard resumed submarine production with the delivery of a Victor I-class nuclear attack submarine, and production of Victor II and Victor III-class nuclear and Kilo-class diesel submarines followed. In 1972 Admiralty absorbed the Leningrad Shipbuilding and Mechanical Engineering (Sudomekh) yard, located on the original site of the New Admiralty yard and a specialist in submarine construction since the 1930s. The resulting entity was named the Leningrad Admiralty Association. In recent years, Admiralty has produced numerous specialized submersibles, including the civilian Sever-2 (1969), Tinro-2 (1972), Bentos (1975-1982), Tetis (1976), Osa, Argus, and Osmotr (1988) types, plus the naval Lima, Uniform, Xray, Beluga, and Paltus classes. Admiralty is still producing sea-going vessels, but it is also expanding into other technologies and products to support itself.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Shipbuilding; SIC Code: 2511, 2512, 2514, 2842, 3061, 3366, 3354, 3412, 3465, 3523, 3531, 3547, 3548, 3552, 3567, 3569, 3714, 3949

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 10,000; Date: 1991

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Vladimir Leonidovich Aleksandrov, General

Director

Oleg Georgievich Bondarenko, Commercial

Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled. Admiralty plans to convert to a joint-stock company during 1993.

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1704

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Naval warships including nuclear and diesel-powered submarines and large auxiliaries.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Merchant ships; submersibles; ship components including deck installations, boilers, water piping, propellers, ductwork, electrical equipment, and stateroom furniture; agricultural equipment including animal husbandry machines, grain elevators, and fodder processing equipment; engineering and building maintenance services; motor vehicle components; industrial machinery and equipment including automated pneumatic systems, lubrication equipment, filtration devices, rubber technology items, electrical equipment, and servomechanisms; wood and metal office furniture; scrap and waste metals reprocessing; containers; fiber processing machines; non-household plastic products; medicinal materials including equipment and instruments; warm air heating and air-conditioning equipment; construction materials; consumer products including tourist and sports equipment, dyes and household chemicals, and household furniture.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: The yard's building ways can accommodate ships up 70,000 deadweight tons, 250 meters in length and 35 meters in width.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Admiralty is offering additional product lines, including blast furnaces and steel mill equipment, rolling mill machinery, welding apparatus, metal stampings, aluminum extruded products, non-wire steel springs, measuring and controlling devices, metal barrels, drums and pails, as well as reconstituted wood products.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DESIGN INSTITUTE OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (VNIPIET)

LAST UPDATE: April 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Vserossiyskiy nauchno-issledovatelskiy i proektnyy institut energeticheskoy tekhnologii (VNIPIET); All-Union Design and Scientific Research Institute of Complex Power Engineering

ADDRESS:

197228, St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Savushkina, 82

VNIPIET

Telephone: (011-7-812) 239-03-93 (General Director); 239-19-91 (Technical Manager); Telex: N/A; FAX: (011-7-812) 239-18-98

GENERAL OVERVIEW: VNIPIET prepares designs and project documentation for the construction, reconstruction, and technical refurbishment of atomic power stations. It is associated with many major projects in this field, including design of the containment sarcophagus for the damaged reactor at Chernobyl. It also does design work for radiochemical, metallurgical, mechanical, and instrument-engineering plants and performs research work on decontamination and removal of radioactive contamination and transportation of radioactive waste.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Nuclear equipment design; SIC Code: 3462

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of Medium Machine-Building

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 3,000; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kurnosov, General

Director

Valentin Mikhailovich Simanovsky, Technical

Manager

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1946

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Design of nuclear equipment.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Design of nuclear reactors and power plants.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Computers and computer-aided design equipment

CONVERSION PROJECTS: VNIPIET is exploring possible uses of navy reactors for civilian purposes and is designing a facility to store fissionable material.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF RADIO EQUIPMENT (VNIIRA)

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: Vserossiyskiy nauchno-issledovatelskiy institut radioapparaturiy, All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Radio Equipment (AUSRIRE)

ADDRESS:

199106, St. Petersburg, Russia

Shkiperskiy protok, 19

All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Radio Equipment

Telephone: (011-7-812) 356-18-34; 351-17-07 (Chief Designer-General); Telex: 121320 NAUKA SU; FAX: (011-7-812) 352-37-04

GENERAL OVERVIEW: VNIIRA develops radio beacons, air navigation systems, surveillance and landing radars, air traffic-control systems, and IFF systems. It also develops techniques to render these systems immune to electronic warfare. VNIIRA-designed equipment is in operation throughout the former Soviet Union as well as among many former Soviet client states, such as Finland, Yugoslavia, Mongolia, Hungary, Germany and Czechoslovakia. VNIIRA has developed the only category III approved microwave landing system (MLS) in the world. A five-channel Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and a four-channel Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) receiver developed by VNIIRA is being installed in Tu-204 and Il-114 airliners. VNIIRA's facilities include a production plant at its main St. Petersburg location and two subordinate design and production facilities in the Leningrad Oblast, one at Siverskaya, and one at Zhigulyovsk.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Radio locating equipment; SIC Code: 3441, 3571, 3575, 3663, 3671, 3679, 3695, 3812, 3823, 3825

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Radio Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 4,000; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Gennadiy N. Gromov, Chief Designer General

Pavel V. Konokotin, Chief of Protocol Group

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1946

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Air navigation systems, pilot training systems, on-board instrumentation systems for the Russian space program, outfitted military trucks and vans with electronic equipment.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Weather radars, data processing equipment, automated air traffic control systems.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: VNIIRA is capable of fabricating digital processing devices utilizing gallium arsenide and semiconductor technology.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: GPS/GLONASS receivers, MLS systems.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Eight directors of VNIIRA have joined together to form "Intra-Port," a small company that operates as a commercial front end to VNIIRA. Intra-Port is intended to help VNIIRA gain access to western technology and to help facilitate personnel matters. In 1990, VNIIRA began working with a U.S. avionics firm to prepare a proposal to the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration for the development and production of a microwave landing system.

ENTERPRISE NAME: ALMAZ CENTRAL MARINE DESIGN BUREAU

LAST UPDATE: April 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Tsentralnoye morskoye konstruktorskoye byuro (TsMKB) "Almaz," CMDB "Almaz."

ADDRESS:

199161, St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Uralskaya, 19

Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau

Telephone: (011-7-812) 350-29-83; Telex: N/A; Fax: (011-7-812) 350-09-25

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Almaz is a leading designer of high-speed combat ships and boats, including dynamically supported craft (hydrofoils, hovercraft, and surface-effect ships). Almaz is the designer of the Dergach missile air cushion vehicle, the Nanuchka and Tarantul-class missile corvettes, the Matka-class missile hydrofoil, the Pauk-class anti-submarine warfare vessel, and the Pomornik-class air cushion vehicle.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Shipbuilding; SIC Code: 373

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 600; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Aleksander Vasilyevich Shlyakhtenko, Director

General and Chief Designer

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1940

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Designs for small surface combatants, including hydrofoil, air-cushion, and surface-effect ships.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Designs for fast passenger hydrofoils, air-cushion vehicles, surface effect ships, fast ferries, and others.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Almaz is developing surface-effect ships to be used as fast ferries for civilian use (Project "Mistral").

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: The "Dergach," designed by Almaz, is the world's largest surface-effect ship.

ENTERPRISE NAME: ARSENAL DESIGN BUREAU

LAST UPDATE: April 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: KB "Arsenal"

ADDRESS:

195009, St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Komsomola, 1/3

Arsenal Design Bureau

Telephone: (011-7-812) 542-29-73; 542-22-52, 248-78-42; Telex: 121608 ARS SU; Teletype: 122774 GROT; FAX: (011-7-812) 542-20-60

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Arsenal Design Bureau is engaged in research and development and manufacturing of satellites and devices for space research and space-borne environment monitoring. It is collocated with the Arsenal Production Association.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Space, artillery; SIC Code: 4899

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Defense Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 1,500; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Yuriy Fedorovich Valov, Director

Boris Ivanovich Poletayev, Chief Designer

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1949

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Satellites

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Design of satellites for scientific research, in cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences. Design of commercial satellite projects, including "Taxi" (piggybacking a customer's payload on a launch vehicle carrying a primary payload); "Platform" (custom-made space stations for scientific and commercial use accommodating payloads of up to 4 tons); and "Precursor" (Predvestnik), a satellite system for earthquake forecasting and monitoring of seismic activity. KB "Arsenal" also develops large refrigerating systems for storage facilities and warehouses.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Welding, high-vacuum processes, CAD-CAM, treatment and processing of light metals and light metal alloys.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: The Arsenal Design Bureau is focusing its conversion efforts on civilian satellite projects and on development of new types of internal combustion engines and propulsion systems.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: Arsenal sponsors an in-house program for scientific and technical training of employees.

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Arsenal has close links with the Russian aerospace industry. It is collocated with the Arsenal Production Association.

ENTERPRISE NAME: ARSENAL PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: April 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: PO "Arsenal," PO "Arsenal" imeni M. V. Frunze

ADDRESS:

195009, St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Komsomola, 1/3

Arsenal Production Association

Telephone: (011-7-812) 542-28-46, 542-70-77; 542-36-30 (Deputy Director), 542-71-27 (Deputy General Director for Foreign Economic Ties); Telex: 121608 ARS SU; FAX: (011-7-812) 542-71-27; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Historically, a major producer of artillery, the Arsenal Production Association also produces a variety of complex mechanical equipment, such as compressor stations, refrigeration and gas equipment, extrusion machines, and satellite platforms. It is collocated with the Arsenal Design Bureau. It is composed of 5 separate administrative entities: two civilian production operations, a military production operation, a technical support facility, and a commercial center.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Artillery; SIC Code: 3489

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Defense Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 8000; Date: October 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Vyacheslav Grigoryevich Petrov, General Director

Mikhail A. Myslin, Deputy Director

Aleksandr N. Chlennikov, Deputy Director

Petr S. Kushnir, Deputy General Director for

Foreign Economic Ties

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1719

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: 110mm naval guns

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: High-purity liquid nitrogen production equipment, autonomous thermal power plants with Stirling-type engines, special-purpose mobile screw compressors, extrusion equipment, and toys.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Welding, high vacuum processes, CAD-CAM, treatment and processing of light metals and light metal alloys.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: The plant is expanding its production of compressors, medical instruments, and household appliances, and is introducing the production of refrigeration equipment. It planned to start making gas pistols during 1992 to help people defend themselves against street crime.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: Arsenal sponsors an in-house program for scientific and technical training of employees, and supports kindergartens and medical clinics.

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: The Arsenal Production Association has a large capacity for further growth and owns tracts of land outside of St. Petersburg. It is collocated with the Arsenal Design Bureau.

ENTERPRISE NAME: AVANGARD JOINT-STOCK COMPANY

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: AO "Avangard", NPO "Avangard", Avangard Scientific Production Association.

ADDRESS:

195271, St. Petersburg, Russia

Kondratyevskiy prospekt, 72

Avangard Joint-Stock Company

Telephone: (011-7-812) 540-65-32, 543-75-72, 544-69-95, 540-15-50, 544-69-01, 544-79-42; Telex: 121431 NTS SU; Teletype: 122299 GNOM; Fax: (011-7-812) 540-18-44; E-Mail: N/A

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Avangard was the leading enterprise of the former Ministry of the Radio Industry, developing and manufacturing high precision special electronic components for communications systems, satellites, and military rockets. Avangard consists of two research institutes and two production plants which develop and produce components for electronics, processing equipment, and instrumentation for the instrument-making industry.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Electronics; SIC Code: 3663, 3674, 3679, 3695, 3812, 3823, 3825, 3829

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Radio Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Vakhtang Pavlovich Koveshnikov, General Director

A.P. Karizhkiy, Director of Avangard Joint Stock

Company's Scientific and Technical Center

"OPTON"

OWNERSHIP: Joint-Stock Company

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1948

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: High precision electronic components for military communication systems, satellites, and missile systems.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Laser optical video disks, all-wave television channel selectors, and electronic components for civil applications.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Avangard Joint-Stock Company has proposed joint engineering development of a method for annealing structural defects in semiconductor or dielectric crystals using acoustical oscillations at room temperature. They have stated that they have carried out basic research work and obtained samples of a structure that had a low defect concentration level, and that the technique makes possible annealing crystal defects virtually on every stage of a device fabrication process, allowing a noise level decrease, higher charge carrier mobility, and improved amplification of a device. Avangard has also developed microelectronic chemical sensors for environmental protection applications and lavistor semiconductor instruments with enhanced radiation resistance for work in high radiation zones.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Avangard has been involved in a joint project with 27 Russian and German research institutes and companies to develop new gas sensors. The Avangard staff includes 9 doctors of science and more that 60 candidates of science.

ENTERPRISE NAME: BALTIC PLANT JOINT STOCK COMPANY

LAST UPDATE: November 1992

ALTERNATE NAMES: AO "Baltiyskiy zavod," PO "Baltiyskiy zavod," Baltic Shipyard, Baltic Works, Baltiyskiy zavod imeni Sergo Ordzhonikidze

ADDRESS:

199026, St. Petersburg, Russia

Kosaya Liniya, 16

Baltic Plant Joint Stock Company

Telephone: (011-7-812) 217-95-80, 217-93-00, 217-93-75, 217-10-79; Telex: 121141 BSHL SU; Fax: (011-7-812) 217-22-96, 217-29-06; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Baltic Plant is one of the largest shipyards in the former Soviet Union. It is capable of building merchant ships up to 45,000 deadweight tons and nuclear powered cruisers. The Baltic Plant Production Association was formed in 1989 by the merger of the Baltic Shipyard and a special design bureau for boiler construction. It became a joint-stock company in 1993.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Shipbuilding; SIC Code: 373

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 12,000; Date: 1990

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Oleg Borisovich Shulyakovskiy, General Director

E.I. Koshelev, Deputy General Director

Y.I. Lopatin, Deputy Manager

OWNERSHIP: Joint-stock. The sale of shares began in March 1993.

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1856

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Kirov-class nuclear-powered cruisers

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Merchant ships; chemical tankers; nuclear-powered icebreakers; quick-freezing units; cooking boilers; sausage-making machines. The shipyard has presented designs for 40,000 dwt double hull tankers.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: The shipyard has two open slipways: one of 250m x 30m and a second of 375m x 40.5m. The latter is one of the largest in the former USSR. The yard also has shops for castings and production of ship components such as large shafts and propellers. Transport and storage of steel sections not suited for units of more than approximately 80 metric tons. Outfitting quay served by four cranes of 50 mt capacity; another 11 cranes of 50 mt capacity serve the two open building ways.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Merchant ships; chemical tankers.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Also a founder of the Transokeanik Joint-Stock Society along with the Nevskoye Design Bureau. Transokeanik's role is to establish a maritime passenger line between St. Petersburg and New York, primarily aimed at businessmen.

ENTERPRISE NAME: CENTRAL DESIGN BUREAU OF MACHINE-BUILDING (TsKBM)

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Tsentralnoye konstruktorskoye byuro mashinostroyeniya (TsKBM)

ADDRESS:

195272, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Krasnogvardeyskaya Ploshchad, 3

Central Design Bureau of Machine-Building

Telephone: N/A; Telex: N/A; Teletype: 122817 DELTA; Fax: N/A

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Central Design Bureau of Machine-Building (TsKBM) is responsible for the design, research, and prototype development of industrial gas centrifuges for uranium isotope separation. It is involved in gaseous diffusion technology and thermionics, and is also developing thermionic space-based nuclear power reactors in the "Topaz" series.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Nuclear fuel processing and reactor design; SIC Code: 2421, 2426, 3429, 3563, 3567, 3675, 3821

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of Medium Machine-Building

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 1,500-2,000; Date: 1991

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Vladimir P. Nikitin, Chief

Yevgeniy Sokolov, First Deputy Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1945

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Prototypes of gas centrifuges for uranium isotope separation, TEC-3 portable 1.2 megawatt nuclear power reactors, fuel loading machines for RBMK reactors (high-power channel reactors), equipment for uranium enrichment, uranium and uranium products, and nuclear submarine reactor cooling pumps.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Turbo-molecular pumps for the chemical industry, microelectronic components, and furniture.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: In 1991 TsKBM was authorized to use Western technology and equipment in its manufacturing processes.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: TsKBM began about 1989 to produce turbo-molecular pumps for the chemical industry, microelectronics components, a deep vacuum system to ensure the purity of microelectronics materials produced at the facility and at other plants throughout Russia, and furniture.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: TsKBM, together with the Kurchatov Atomic Energy Institute, Moscow, and the Luch Scientific Production Association, Podolsk, developed the "Topaz-2", a small nuclear reactor capable of powering various types of spacecraft for periods of up to five years. The program was stopped for lack of funds, but the International Scientific Production Corporation, a U.S. firm, has proposed a joint project to use Topaz systems in civilian space programs.

ENTERPRISE NAME: CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS (TsNIM)

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: TsNIM

ADDRESS:

191014 St. Petersburg, Russia

8, Paradraya Str.

Central Research Institute for Materials

Telephone: (011-7-812) 271-49-72; Fax: (011-7-812) 110-7660

GENERAL OVERVIEW: TsNIM develops advanced materials, manufacturing processes and non-standard equipment.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Production of pilot lots materials and products of these materials; SIC Code: 2821, 3479, 3531, 3532, 3556, 3679

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of Defense

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: 300

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Valentin P. Kuznetsov, Director General, Doctor of

Technical Science

OWNERSHIP: Federal property (the property of the Russian Federation). It was designated a state enterprise until 1986.

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1912

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Materials, technologies and equipment for their production.

CIVILIAN PRODUCT LINES: Equipment for hard rock crushing, satellite antennas, china and glassware coatings; grain mills; tubes for polyethylene of high pressure, etc.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Technologies and equipment for the production of materials for special purpose equipment (machinery).

CONVERSION PROJECT: Concerning the questions of "Ecology," "Transport," and "Medicine"

HUMAN RESOURCES: Subsidy for conversion. Exemption from taxes on land, buildings and equipment

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: The principal mission of the Institute has been the development of materials and process technology aimed at the defense and space industry. The Institute is now focusing its resources on establishing joint development programs with private sector companies in Russia and Western countries.

ENTERPRISE NAME: DESIGN BUREAU FOR SPECIAL MACHINE-BUILDING

LAST UPDATE: April 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Konstruktorskoye byuro spetsialnogo mashinostroyeniya (KBSM)

Special Mechanical Engineering Design Office

ADDRESS:

194223, St Petersburg, Russia

Lesnoy Prospekt, 64

Design Bureau for Special Machine-Building

Telephone: (011-7-812) 245-51-13 (Construction Design Manager), 245-51-33 (Technical Manager); 245-31-33, 542-83-92; Telex: 321223 PIK; FAX: N/A; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: KBSM undertakes scientific research and design work for various machines, mechanisms, and mechanical engineering equipment, including large load-bearing structures requiring heavy-duty shock-absorbing or high-pressure pneumatic systems.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Engineering design; SIC Code: 8711

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of General Machine-Building

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 2,000; Date: 1994

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Nikolay Alekseyevich Trofimov, Construction

Design Manager

Vladimir Grigoriyevich Toblenkov, Technical

Manager

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1947

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Launching equipment for missile complexes.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Shock-absorbing systems for nuclear power plants and other large civil engineering structures.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Pneumatic high-pressure sealed cylinders, computer-assisted calculations, slow-motion filming of high-speed processes, production control technology for dynamic load structures.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Protection of installations against earthquakes. The active and passive shock-absorbing systems developed at KBSM are based upon a number of inventions and are competitive with Japanese systems. Planning is being undertaken for earthquake protection in California and Hawaii.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: DOMEN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: NII "Domen", Domain Research Institute

ADDRESS:

196084 St Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Chernigovskaya, 8

NII Domen

Telephone: (011-7-812) 297-23-34; Telex: N/A; Teletype: N/A; Fax: N/A

GENERAL OVERVIEW: NII Domen is well known for its ferrite materials, components, and devices, which are important elements of radioelectronic systems such as radars, radioastronomy, telecommunications, and of many others.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Electronics; SIC Code: 3264, 3643, 3679, 3824

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Electronics Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Valeriy Viktorovich Filippov, Director General

OWNERSHIP: N/A

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1969

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Microwave ferrite materials and components, microwave and millimeter wave equipment for radar and space communications.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Opto-electronics, development and production of prototypes of piezoelectric devices and electromechanical filters, indicators, coils, ferrites and magneto-dielectrics, switching and wiring articles, electric connectors.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: N/A

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: This Research Institute was formerly part of the Ferrite Scientific Production Association.

ENTERPRISE NAME: ELEKTROAVTOMATIKA SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: NPO "Elektroavtomatika"

ADDRESS:

198095, St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Marshala Govorova, 40

Elektroavtomatika Scientific Production Association

Telephone: (011-7-812) 252-13-98; (011-7-812) 722-18-10 (Luga Plant); Telex: 322556 LAMPA (Luga plant); FAX: N/A

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Elektroavtomatika is involved in the development of electronic systems for Russian military and civil aircraft. The Elektroavtomatika Scientific Production Association includes the main design facility, two St. Petersburg-based production plants ("Pyrometer" and "Temp," the latter adjacent to the Association), and an affiliated production facility in Luga (Leningrad Oblast). Specific types of products produced by Elektroavtomatika include digital displays, command and control systems (for civil, military and space applications), airborne computers for civil and military applications, airborne instrumentation and simulators, as well as the software used in the association's various computers.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Electronics; SIC Code: 3571, 3679, 3728, 3812, 7371

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Aviation Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 15,000; Date: 1990

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Konstantin K. Filipov, General Director

Yevgeniy I. Legchenkov, Deputy Director

Marat Ruslanovich Aliyev, Director, Luga plant

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Digital displays, command and control systems, airborne computers, missile guidance systems, radar countermeasures.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Digital displays, command and control systems, airborne computers, simulator systems, software.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Elektroavtomatika is approaching conversion by placing a greater emphasis on civilian applications for their current products and seeking to increase the availability of their products to foreign customers. The Luga plant is producing accessories and spare parts for automobiles.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Elektroavtomatika has agreed to an arrangement with the Chinese government to provide Chinese technicians with 18 months' training in semiconductor technology. The training will occur at Elektroavtomatika's facilities.

ENTERPRISE NAME: ELEKTROFIZIKA SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: NPO "Elektrofizika"

ADDRESS

189631, St.Petersburg, P.O. Metallostroy, Russia

Elektrofizika Scientific Production Association

Telephone: (011-7-812) 265-20-75, 265-65-96, 262-20-96; Telex: N/A; Teletype: 322115 OBZOR; Fax: N/A; E-Mail: N/A

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Elektrofizika develops nuclear reactors, lasers, and particle accelerators for research and industry. The association will soon assemble low energy linear electron accelerators for medical applications using parts supplied by a Western European firm. The association includes a machine-building plant that produces Ku equipment such as alternators, AC motors,and turbo-generators up to 1000 kW capacity.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Nuclear reactors; SIC Code: 3443, 3511, 3621, 3699, 3845

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: N/A

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Vasiliy Glukhikh, General Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: N/A

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Nuclear reactors and particle accelerators, lasers, electric motors and other electric machines, generators for steam and has turbines, and electrical equipment spare parts and accessories.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Low-energy medical linear accelerators for cancer treatment and medical sterilization equipment.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: FERRITE SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: November 1992

ALTERNATE NAMES: NPO "Ferrite," SPA Ferrite, Ferrite International SPA

ADDRESS:

196084 St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Chernigovskaya, 8

Ferrite Scientific Production Association

Telephone: (011-7-812) 297-23-34; Telex: 121014 FERCO SU; Fax: (011-7-812) 298-37-91; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: SPA Ferrite is the leading Russian enterprise in the ferrite branch of the electronics industry. The Research Institute "Domain" and the plant "Magma" are well known for their ferrite materials, components and devices, which are the important elements of radioelectronic systems such as radars, radioastronomy, telecommunications and of many others.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Electronic ferrite components; SIC Code: 3629, 3651

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Electronics Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 5,500; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Valery V. Filippov, Director General

Stanislav P. Travkin, First Deputy Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled. The firm plans to become a joint-stock company during 1993.

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1969

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Microwave ferrite materials and components, microwave and millimeter wave equipment for radar and space communication.

CIVILIAN PRODUCT LINES: Soft and hard ferrite components, magnetic heads, high temperature superconducting materials, optoelectronic devices.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Manufacturing division of SPA Ferrite will produce:

- powerful microwave components and equipment for light, and food processing industries, and for construction industry;

- high precision electronic microwave and optical controlled devices for industrial equipment;

- magnetic systems for medicine tomography; and

- magnetic coils for the supercollider.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Construction of new laboratory and production facility (40,000m2) will be completed in 1993. At instance of SPA Ferrite, an engineering experimental center Quasar was founded in 1991 which is an enterprise of the International Non-governmental Organization International Center of Scientific Culture-World Laboratory.

ENTERPRISE NAME: IZHORA PLANT JOINT-STOCK COMPANY

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: AO "Izhorskiy Zavod", PO "Izhorskiy Zavod"; Key Facility: Izhora Plant

ADDRESS:

189630, St. Petersburg (Kolpino), Russia

Prospekt Lenina, 1

Izhora Plant Joint Stock Company

Telephone: (011-7-812) 481-81-10, 481-87-76, 481-81-02 (Gen. Director), 481-81-50 (Director of Foreign Trade Firm); Telex: 121435 IZHORA SU; Teletype: 321613 MARTEN; Fax: (011-7-812) 463-92-69 (Director of Foreign Trade Firm)

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Izhora Plant was established in 1722 by the Russian Navy on the Izhora River as a sawmill. Today its joint stock company is one of the leading metallurgical and machine-building enterprises in Russia with 20 separate plants and departments. The company is one of three major builders of nuclear reactors in the former Soviet Union, and it makes heavy machinery and numerous other products for both the military and civilian sectors. The main facility, located in the St. Petersburg suburb of Kolpino, consisted in 1991 of four large divisions and one smaller division. A foreign trade firm was created in 1987 to market the firm's products in international markets, and the firm currently exports to more than 20 countries. Five design bureaus are also part of the company. Orders for military products declined drastically by the early 1990s and the plant's production lines for armored vehicle components were reportedly idle in early 1993. The Izhora Plant is a founding member of the St. Petersburg Military Industrial Corporation, set up in mid-1992 to earn capital for conversion of defense plants to civilian production.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Heavy machines, nuclear reactors; SIC Code: 3325, 3369, 3443, 3463, 3469, 3511, 3531, 3599, 3621, 3634

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of Heavy Machine-Building

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 22,616; Date: 1993

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Vladimir Georgiyevich Vasilyev, General Director

Valeriy V. Tchernyshov, Chief Engineer

Deonisii D. Stepanyuk, Director of Foreign Trade

Firm

Igor L. Maksimov, Deputy Director of Foreign

Trade Firm

OWNERSHIP: Joint stock. Share of ownership: 75% state, 25% private

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1722

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Armor; armored vehicle hulls; tank turrets; tank track wheel assemblies; nuclear reactors for submarines; titanium for submarine hulls.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Articles rolled, hammered and pressed from titanium alloys; 300 varieties of steel castings; propeller shafts; excavators and other large machines; equipment for mineral oil handling; reactors, generators and other equipment for atomic power stations; turbine and turbine generator sets and rotors; automobile mufflers; kitchen utensils; fabricated plate work.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: The plant has facilities for hammer forging and pressing, rolling steel pipes and plates, electroplating, and thermal treating. Technology for vacuum welding of hard alloys and steel was installed in 1988. The Izhora Plant is also constructing a 125-ton capacity electric arc melting facility, which is to be completed in mid- to late 1993. Special vehicles are used to transport radioactive isotopes.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Storage tanks for various types of fuel began to be produced following the decline in military orders in the late 1980s, as well as containers for nuclear waste. Izhora also plans to increase its steel production during the 1990s.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: Medical center, rest house, sports complex, culture club, tourist sanitary center, and 12 hostels.

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: The Izhora Plant has an agreement with a U.S. firm for joint venture production of pipe molds and other products. It also has two similar joint ventures, known as IZMET, with the French firms SIBCO and SOCONET. The French steel company SADEFA is marketing IZMET's products in the West. Izhora is also reportedly involved in a joint venture with the U.S. firm Bechtel and the South Korean firm Lucky Development Company to build an electronics plant to produce home appliances and a business complex consisting of a hotel, apartments, and a shopping center. The joint venture also involves development of chemical and lumbering plants in St. Petersburg, as well as other basic industries in Russia. The Izhora Plant has a contract with a university in the U.S. for a management training exchange program. It also has an agreement for management consulting services with Bechtel Civil. Since the late 1980s, the Izhora Plant Production Association has been part of the Leningrad (St. Petersburg) Energomash Energy Corporation, a State Interbranch Production Association (GMPO) that consolidates as many as 15 enterprises in the field of power equipment, including nuclear reactor production facilities.

ENTERPRISE NAME: KALININ PLANT PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: PO "Zavod imeni M.I. Kalinina"

ADDRESS:

199155, St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Uralskaya, 1

Kalinin Plant Production Association

Telephone: (011-7-812) 352-09-82, 350-87-04, 350-02-43 (Commercial Director), 350-13-54 (Director); Telex: 122297 BRONZA; Teletype: 321157 UTES, 322160 UTES; Fax: (011-7-812) 352-57-35

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Kalinin Plant Production Association produces munitions for the military. It is now involved in large scale conversion from military to civil production.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Munitions; SIC Code: 2353, 3431, 3534, 3552, 3559, 3563, 3629, 3634, 3651, 3679, 7371, 7372, 7382

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Defense Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 6,000; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Aleksandr V. Zakharov, Director

Sergey V. Sazonkin, Commercial Director

Boris Borkovkin, Chief Economist

Aleksandr Georgiyevich Sergeyev, Chief Designer,

Consumer Goods Department

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Munitions.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Computer programming services and prepackaged software, environmental controls, medical instruments, radio receivers, televisions (including the "Kvarts" black and white set), home audio equipment (such as the "Static" stereo system, the "Kvazar" cassette player, the "Forum" bass-booster amplifier, and other stereo cassette players), general purpose communications equipment, tape recorders, TEMP-1 portable tire-inflation compressor, pneumatic-hydraulic car jacks, automotive compressors, sanitation apparatus, household appliances (including "Stezhok" sewing machine, cutlery, fans, and other household implements), haberdashery articles, satellite television dishes, battery chargers, electric razors, curling irons, and electronic home security alarms.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: At an exhibition of medical products, Kalinin proposed the production of taxonometers for experimental automatic pressure-measuring devices.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: Kalinin owns several buildings located along an adjacent riverfront and is considering converting them into an apartment-hotel complex to be owned by the facility.

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: One of Kalinin's manufacturing facilities - located on its grounds - is a semi-independent privatized entity whose production is exclusively sold to Kalinin in exchange for manufacturing space. Almost all of the assembly components for Kalinin's civil product lines, including plastic molding, electric motors, and electronics, are built on-site.

ENTERPRISE NAME: KIROV PLANT JOINT-STOCK COMPANY

LAST UPDATE: April 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: AO "Kirovskiy zavod," PO "Kirovskiy zavod." Key Facilities: Kirovskiy mashinostroitelnyy i metallurgicheskiy zavod (Kirovskiy Znamya Oktyabr zavod, Kirov Plant), St. Petersburg; the former All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Transport Machinery (VNIITRANSMASH), Gorelovo; Transmash Plant, Tikhvin.

ADDRESS:

198097, St. Petersburg, Russia

Prospekt Stachek, 47

Kirov Plant Production Association

187500, Tikhvin, Russia (Leningrad Oblast)

Transmash Plant

Telephone: (011-7-812) 183-84-00, 183-04-00, 252-95-58, 183-84-34, 183-80-01, 292-95-58, 183-82-75, 252-17-30, 184-35-53, (011-7-81267) 1-19-33, 1-35-42 (Transmash Plant); Telex: 121416 POWER SU, 121416 LADOGA, 322326 DIZEL (Transmash Plant); Fax: (011-7-812) 252-04-16; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Kirov Plant Production Association is a major producer of tractors and steam turbines for both the military and civilian markets. It has also designed and produced tanks for the military. It is a vertically-integrated association that also produces its own steel, its own sheet metal, and its own forgings and stampings. The main component of the Kirov Plant Production Association is the Kirov Plant proper, the largest and oldest industrial complex in St. Petersburg. Other components of the Kirov Plant Production Association include the former All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Transport Machinery (VNIITRANSMASH) in Gorelovo and the Transmash Plant in Tikhvin. The Kirov Plant ceased producing tanks in November 1991. It continues to produce turbines, tractors, construction machinery, and rolled steel. Gorelovo formerly designed and field tested tanks produced by the Kirov plant, and now produces Kirovets tractors. Tikhvin produces castings, as well as machinery, spare parts, and consumer goods.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Heavy vehicles, turbines; SIC: 3511, 3537

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Defense Industry

EMPLOYMENT: Total: 50,000; Date: 1991

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Pyotr Georgiyevich Semenenko, General Director

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Ilyin, Deputy General

Director

Boris Bystov, Director, Foreign Trade

Vyachislav Krapivin, Deputy Director, Foreign

Trade

Yevgeniy Sergeyevich Malyshev, General Director,

Transmash Plant

OWNERSHIP: Joint-stock (transition to be completed in 1993.) Employees were to acquire up to 75% of the stock and 10% of the stock was to be made available to foreign investors.

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1801, as the Putilov Works/Foundry

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: T-80 tanks, PION self-propelled artillery gun, turbines for naval surface vessels and submarines, silent reduction gears for submarines.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Turbines for electric power generation; circulating pumps for nuclear power stations; industrial and agricultural tractors ("KIROVETS"-K-700 and K-701M); construction machinery, including bulldozers, cranes, front-end loaders, and canal digging machinery; automated packaging machinery for agriculture; machines for the mining industry, road construction, and the repair of oil wells and oil pipelines; consumer goods including kitchen appliances (juice pressers, meat grinders), window locks, and children's swings.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Numerically-controlled machine tools.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Conversion activity includes large-scale production of household appliances and other consumer goods. An effort is underway to produce mini-tractors and attachments (K-20, using 35 horsepower engines from Germany) for small farms. Kirov is beginning production of municipal service vehicles. It produces annually about 21,000 225- and 300-HP tractors, 600,000 meat grinders, and 400,000 juice pressers.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: Employee housing, recreation centers, sport centers, a sanitarium, and a subsidiary agricultural farm.

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Kirov has approached Ford, Volkswagen, and General Motors in an aggressive effort to obtain a Western partner for joint automobile production. An automotive joint-venture with Mitsubishi of Japan may already exist in facilities at Gorelovo that were built, but never used, for tank assembly. Production of small multi-purpose tractors through a joint venture has also been considered. Production of jeeps through a joint venture is also being considered. Kirov is also studying the possibility of wheelchair production. In 1993, Kirov entered into a joint venture with the German firm Landteknik AG of Schonebeck for production of "Maral" grain combines, a German design suitable for use in Russian fields.

ENTERPRISE NAME: KLIMOV PLANT SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: NPP "Zavod imeni V. Ya. Klimova," Leningradskoye NPO imeni V. Ya. Klimova, Klimov Design Bureau, Klimov Corporation, Izotov Engine Design Bureau, Klimov Machine-Building Plant

ADDRESS:

194100, St. Petersburg, Russia

Kantemirovskaya Ulitsa, 1

Klimov Plant Scientific Production Enterprise

Telephone: (011-7-812) 247-78-61, 245-15-86, 245-60-70; Telex: N/A; Fax: (011-7-812) 542-76-30; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Founded by V. Ya. Klimov, the design bureau moved to its present location after World War II. It was also known for a time as the Izotov Design Bureau after S.P. Izotov, chief designer following Klimov. After Izotov's death in 1983 the design bureau returned to its original name. The bureau is co-located with its own experimental prototype plant, the Klimov Machine-Building Plant, and together they form the Klimov Scientific Production Association. Klimov engines are serially produced at the Krasnyy Oktyabr' Plant. In early 1992 the Klimov Design Bureau was for the first time referred to as the Klimov Corporation, suggesting it has been reorganized into a joint-stock company. The Klimov Corporation is vigorously pursuing the export market and joint-ventures with Western aerospace companies.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Aircraft engines; SIC Code: 3724

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Aviation Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 3,492; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Sarkisov, General

Designer

Valentin V. Starovoytnikov, Deputy General

Designer

Konstantin E. Tsivin, Head of Marketing

Gennadiy N. Yezhov, First Deputy General

Designer

A. Pavlovich Listratov, Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1944

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Engines for Mig-29 Fulcrum fighter aircraft and military helicopters.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Engines for the Il-114 civil transports; converted helicopter engines; machinery for producing footwear.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Metallurgy and machining technology. The design bureau developed the capability to machine difficult-to-work metals such as cobalt-tungsten alloys using its own high-speed cutting tools.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Aggressively pursuing business arrangements with foreign aerospace companies to promote exports and develop joint-ventures. Includes contacts with Snecma France for joint development of a powerplant for new jet trainer for Russia; with China for the use of a Klimov derivative engine for use on Chinese transports; and with South Korea, for a ground-based power station.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: Maintained a sanitarium in the Crimea; health-care center

on-site.

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: The Klimov Design Bureau has an engine test facility in the Shuvalova District of St. Petersburg. Klimov has an agreement with Snecma to prepare a technical proposal for a military trainer engine. Klimov is discussing an agreement with the Chinese to provide a derivative of Klimov's TV7-117 engine. Klimov has formed a joint venture with South Korea to develop a 1.5-megawatt ground-based electrical power and heating station. Klimov has a two-part agreement with South Africa to define a new business aircraft within the framework of a consortium and to retrofit Klimov's RD-33 engine on Western-built combat aircraft. It was announced in July, 1993, that Pratt & Whitney Canada and the Klimov Corporation had formed a joint-venture to develop and produce a range of small gas turbine engines (turboprop, turboshaft and turbofan) for civil aircraft in the CIS and other markets.

ENTERPRISE NAME: KRYLOV CENTRAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: TsNII imeni akademika A.N. Krylova, Krylov Shipbuilding Research Institute

ADDRESS:

196158 St. Petersburg, Russia

Moskovskoye Shosse, 44

Krylov Central Scientific Research Institute

Telephone: (011-7-812) 127-93-48; Telex: 121467 CNEPR SU; Fax: (011-7-812) 127-93-49; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: A maritime research institute involved in hydrodynamic and testing of ship designs.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Shipbuilding; SIC Code: 373

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 10,000; Date: 1975

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

V. M. Pashin, Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1894

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Performs testing of full-scale and model warship and submarine designs, both model testing and full-scale testing.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Testing of merchant ship designs.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Deep water and shallow water tow tanks; high speed tow tanks; basins for seakeeping, maneuverability and cavitation tests; ice model basin; cavitation basin; wind and cavitation tunnels; acoustic measurement tanks; tensile testing machines; fatigue and vibration testing machines; hydraulics and propulsion plant testing facilities; equipment and ranges for full scale ship tests.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Underground nuclear power stations; nuclear power plant and ship design; acoustical and mechanical testing.

ENTERPRISE NAME: LENINETS HOLDING COMPANY

LAST UPDATE: November 1992

ALTERNATE NAMES: Leninets Concern, Kontsern "Leninets," NPK "Leninets," Leninets Scientific Production Concern, Leninets Central Scientific Production Association, NPO "Leninets," Leninets Association

ADDRESS:

196066 St. Petersburg, Russia

Moskovskiy Prospekt, 212

Leninets Holding Company

Telephone: (011-7-812) 264-32-19, 293-68-78; Telex: 122246 RADUGA, 121377; Fax: (011-7-812) 299-90-11, 299-90-41, 291-81-38; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Leninets produces a

variety of airborne radars and other radioelectronic equipment as well as a variety of consumer goods. The huge concern includes 16 factories, 10 research organizations, and 50 small enterprises.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Aeronautical radars; SIC Code: 3812

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Radio Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Anatoliy Aleksandrovich Turchak,

President/Director General

Leonid Golovach Grigoryevich, Vice President

Ramutis Yustinovich Bagdonas, Vice President

Evgeniy Petrovich Guryanov, Vice President

OWNERSHIP: Joint Stock Company

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1974

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Aircraft radars; aircraft computers.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Aircraft radars for a variety of uses (weather and navigation, land survey, search and rescue) household appliances (refrigerators, razors, kitchen appliances); automotive electronics; radio receiving and sound reproduction equipment; and satellite television equipment; toys.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Diagnostic, preventive and rehabilitative medical equipment; household appliances. Leninets organized the Konvent Concern to create the Industrial Engineering Center for Conversion in the Leningrad Region. Leninets is involved in a joint venture with the Gillette Company to build a factory to produce shaving products.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: The Association has an agro-industrial complex, an education center, hotels, and recreation centers.

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: In 1991 about 35 percent of Leninets' output was military, with plans to reduce that share to 25 percent. An experimental plant belonging to Leninets is located in Gatchina. In 1991 the Association was working with the Western auditing company Coopers and Lybrand to develop a plan to finance the concern as a joint-stock company.

ENTERPRISE NAME: LENINGRAD PETROZAVOD

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: Leningradskiy Petrozavod, Okhta (Okhtenskiy) Shipyard

ADDRESS:

195272, St. Petersburg, Russia

Krasnogvardeyskaya ploshchad, 2

Leningrad Petrozavod

Telephone: (011-7-812) 224-12-26; Telex: 121396 CEDRI SU; Teletype: 121329 FERMA; Fax: (011-7-812) 224-15-50

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Petrozavod, one of the oldest shipbuilding establishments in Russia, lost its building ways in the 1970s and was converted to manufacture machine tools and components for use in other shipyards. It was founded at the junction of the Okhta and Neva rivers in 1721 as a roofing shingle works, a settlement for serfs working at the Main Admiralty Yard, and a small shipyard. It was enlarged in 1806 and, as the Okhta Admiralty, built sailing frigates and ships of the line. It was leased to private shipbuilders between 1872 and 1913 for the construction of smaller ships, and in 1931 it became a specialist in the construction of tugs. During the 1950s and 1960s it built 63 oceangoing tugs of the "Goliat" class (known in the West as the Okhtenskiy class) and many harbor tugs of the "Peredovik" (Sidehole) and "Prometey" (Saka) classes. After the yard was rebuilt in the late 1970s it has manufactured sophisticated shipbuilding production line equipment. Early projects included mechanization of the assembly and welding production lines at the Vyborg Shipbuilding Plant and construction of a unit for assembly and welding of large hull sections at the Zhdanov Shipbuilding Plant in Leningrad.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Shipbuilding machinery; SIC Code: 3441, 3443, 3469, 3541, 3544, 3546, 3548, 3553

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 1,000; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Yevgeniy Anatolyevich Levakin, Director

Vladimir Konstantinovich Gorenipov, Commercial

Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1721

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Shipbuilding machinery

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Machine tools, welding equipment, metalworking and woodworking machinery, power hand-tools , stainless-steel kitchen utensils including the "Podarochnyy," "Syurpriz," "Okhta-6," and "Okhta-7."

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Recent conversion efforts at Petrozavod included the creation of the "Everest" enterprise to take over the shop that had made stainless steel kitchen utensils for many years and turn it into a profitable undertaking.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Petrozavod is associated with the Ritm Scientific Production Association of St. Petersburg.

ENTERPRISE NAME: LENINGRAD SEVERNYY PLANT PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: PO "Leningradskiy Severnyy zavod"

ADDRESS:

197228, St. Petersburg, Russia

Kolomyazhskiy Prospekt, 10

Leningrad Severnyy Plant Production Association

Telephone: (011-7-812) 246-19-65; Telex: N/A; Fax: (011-7-812) 394-11-79

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Severnyy Production Association is in transition from missile production to the production of civil products. Since the 1960's Severnyy has produced surface-to-air missiles. Earlier, it had produced fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. Currently, the association produces a variety of civil products including enameling machines, metal furniture, and other consumer goods.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Guided missiles; SIC Code: 2298, 2399, 2514, 2522, 3421, 3444, 3465, 3469, 3631, 3914, 3949

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Aviation Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 10,000; Date: 1968

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS: N/A

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: Pre-World War II

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Surface-to-air missiles

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Enameling machines, metal and enamel-coated tableware, metal furniture, household lighting fixtures, kitchen gas stoves, fishing accessories, ferrous and non-ferrous scrap metals.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Titanium welding

CONVERSION PROJECTS: N/A

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: The member plants of the Severnyy Plant Production Association are the two manufacturing facilities, located several miles apart in St. Petersburg, that for many years functioned as the Severnyy Plant.

ENTERPRISE NAME: MAGNETON JOINT-STOCK COMPANY

LAST UPDATE: September 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: AO "Magneton", Zavod "Magneton".

ADDRESS:

194223, St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Kurchatova, 9

Magneton Joint-Stock Company

Telephone: (011-7-812) 247-94-05; 247-55-89;Telex: N/A; Teletype: 121219 VIKING; Fax: N/A

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Formerly part of the Ferrite Joint-Stock Company, Magneton is a major producer of ferrites and ferrite-related products such as magnets.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Electronics; SIC Code: 2819, 3264, 357, 3578, 3625, 3631, 3651, 3674, 3679

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Electronics Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 1,700; Date: 1994

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Anatoliy Ivanovich Firsenkov, General Director

Lubov Invanova, Chief Financial Officer

OWNERSHIP: Joint-stock company; 80% private/20% state-owned

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1932

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Ferrite magnetic materials and microwave devices based on these materials as well as radar absorbing materials.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Soft and hard ferrite components , magnetic heads, high temperature superconducting materials, optoelectronic devices, calculators, calculator parts, and toys.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Hot pressing of ferrites, growth of large magnetic single crystals, fabrication of low loss, high power microwave ferrites with unique characteristics.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Isotopic and anisotopic magnets from strontium and barium ferrites for dynamic heads of loudspeakers; magnetrons for microwave ovens; electric motors; stereo headphones; and small-screen televisions.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Magneton was formerly part of the Ferrite Joint-Stock Company.

ENTERPRISE NAME: MIDDLE NEVA SHIPBUILDING PLANT

LAST UPDATE: June 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Sredne-Nevskiy sudostroitelnyy zavod, Ust-Izhora Shipyard

ADDRESS:

189633, St. Petersburg (Kolpino Rayon), Russia

p/o Pontonnyy

Middle Neva Shipbuilding Plant

199106, St. Petersburg, Russia

Shkiperskiy protok, 19

Middle Neva Shipbuilding Plant

Telephone: (011-7-812) 265-55-10, 265-55-35 (Director), 265-55-00 (Technical Manager); Telex: N/A; Teletype: N/A; Fax: N/A

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Middle Neva shipyard, located near the junction of the Izhora and Neva rivers in the Kolpino district of southern St. Petersburg, is an important builder of mine warfare ships for the Russian navy. The yard probably dates back to 1911, when the St. Petersburg Metals Plant, then a builder of marine turbines, established a shipyard at Ust-Izhora to build destroyers. Between the world wars the Ust-Izhora yard was limited to the construction of river barges. It was expanded into a major builder of minesweepers and other small combatants after World War II and built ships of the steel-hulled T-43, T-58, Yurka, and Natya classes in the 1950s and 1960s. It has also built a few large tugs and small tankers for service as naval auxiliaries. Around 1970 it began to experiment with glass-reinforced plastic and subsequently built a few Zhenya-class minehunters and many Yevgenya- and Lida-class inshore minesweepers. It also built hydrofoils of the Matka and Turya classes and Tarantul-class missile corvettes. Today it is offering several types of ships on the civil market similar to its minesweeper classes, including ships of up to 100 tons with glass-reinforced plastic hulls, steel-hulled ships of up to 800 tons, and similar ships built with low-magnetic steel.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Shipbuilding; SIC Code: 2023, 2511, 2514, 3523, 3536, 3537, 3589, 3731, 3732, 3799

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Viktor Pavlovich Pylev, Director

Yuriy Sergeyevich Yegorov, Technical Manager

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1911

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Minesweepers and small missile-armed combatants.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Ships and ship equipment, control and measuring instruments, automated systems and devices, dried milk, agricultural machinery, machinery for the food processing industry, household furniture, pleasure boats and sailboats.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Construction of marine surface vessels made of fiberglass and metal, construction of vessels with low-magnetic steel hulls

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: MOBILE VEHICLE ENGINEERING INSTITUTE

LAST UPDATE: April 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: VNIITransmash

ADDRESS:

198323, St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Zarechnaya, 2

Mobile Vehicle Engineering Institute

Telephone: (011-7-812) 135-98-37; 135-98-50 (General Director); Telex: N/A; FAX: (011-7-812) 135-98-37; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: This facility probably designed and built prototypes of tanks, including the T-80, for the Kirov Plant Production Association. It is currently involved in the conversion of tank technology for civilian applications. It is also the production facility for the Russian Mars rover, which is being developed in concert with the Babakin Center and the Institute for Space Research.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Tanks; SIC Code: 3795

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Defense Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 2,820; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Eduard Konstantinovich Potemkin, General

Director

Vladimir Mikhailovich Agafonov, Marketing

Manager

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: About 1947

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Prototype tanks.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Tracked transport vehicles, other commercial vehicles based on tank technology, remotely-controlled vehicles, "moonrovers," planetary surface vehicles.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: The institute has converted floor space for the manufacture of log structures.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Vniitransmash participated in a demonstration of a Russian Mars rover at the NASA Ames Center in early 1993 in which the Russian hardware was successfully connected to American software. The institute is located in the Krasnoselskiy district at the southern edge of St. Petersburg and has set aside large amounts of production floorspace for use by interested sub-contractors.

ENTERPRISE NAME: OBUKHOV STATE PLANT

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Zavod Obukhovskiy, Bolshevik Plant Production Association, PO "Zavod Bolshevik"

ADDRESS:

193012, St. Petersburg, Russia

Obukhovskiy Oborony Prospekt, 120

Obukhovskiy Plant Production Association

Telephone: (011-7-812) 267-95-73, 267-95-23, 267-98-60; 262-09-65 (General Director); 267-96-40 (Chief Engineer); Telex: 121345 PTB SU KOMPLEX, 321067; Fax: (011-7-812) 262-42-77; 262-48-68 (General Director); 267-48-68 (Chief Engineer)

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Obukhov State Plant specializes in the fields of metallurgy and heavy machine building and is an established producer of missile launching equipment and naval guns. The plant was founded in 1863 by Russian metallurgist Pavel Obukhov, who originated the use of cast steel for the manufacture of cannon barrels. The Obukhov plant was the site of the "Obukhov Defense of 1901," where workers clashed with Tsarist forces. The plant changed its name in 1992 from the Bolshevik Plant back to its original name, Obukhov.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Missile launchers, artillery; SIC Code: 3325, 3341, 3366, 3369, 3523, 3533, 3547, 3556, 3589, 3663, 3842

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of General Machine-Building

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 10,000; Date: 1993

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Anatoliy F. Vashenko, General Director

Aleksander B. Poretskiy, Chief Engineer

Valeriy S. Pyshkin, Chief, Foreign Economic

Relations Department

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1863

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Missile launching equipment; ICBM missile silos; ground equipment associated with missile systems; submarine missile launch tubes; naval guns; submarine antenna arrays.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Ferrous and non-ferrous castings used in the Ku, chemical and shipbuilding industries, fork-lift trucks, wheelchairs, irons and other home appliances, television sets, cameras, gas and oil extraction equipment.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Open-hearth furnaces, hammer forging and pressing equipment (up to 3200 ton capacity), equipment to manufacture cog wheels, vertical electroplating tanks (up to 10 meter capacity), numerically controlled metal lathes.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Obukhov is developing a pipe foundry and rolling mill complex. The plant produces wheelchairs for the foreign and domestic markets with a United States company, which supplied modern production equipment and training. Obukhov is working with another US firm to produce oil and gas extraction equipment. Also, Obukhov has a licensing agreement to assemble irons for the Italian appliance firm "Delonghi" and is the largest producer of household irons in Russia. Obukhov also has converted to the production of "Positron" television sets and "Lomo" cameras.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: The plant has a hospital, a nursery school, a sports complex, and two summer resort facilities in southern Russia.

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Obukhov is attempting to convert to additional civilian production, including agricultural equipment, medical sterilization equipment, and machinery for environmental cleanups, the latter with potential investment by the Finnish government.

ENTERPRISE NAME: OPTICAL-MECHANICAL ENTERPRISES AMALGAMATED (LOMO)

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: St. Petersburg Optical Mechanical Association, Leningradskoye Optiko-mekhanicheskoye obedineniye imeni V.I. Lenina (LOMO), Leningrad Optical Mechanical Association, LOMO State Enterprise

ADDRESS:

194044, St. Petersburg, Russia

Chugunnaya Ulitsa, 20

Optical-Mechanical Enterprises Amalgamated (LOMO)

Telephone: (011-7-812) 242-50-01, 248-50-08, 248-50-09; Telex: N/A; Teletype: 321421 OKULYAR; Fax: (011-7-812) 542-18-39, 542-53-22; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: This association is the oldest and largest producer of optics in Russia and produces a vast array of world-class optical systems for the military and the civil economy, including high-precision optical-mechanical instruments, lenses, mirrors, prisms, and diffraction gratings. LOMO consists mainly of a central design bureau and four production plants: the former State Optical Mechanical Plant (GOMZ) at 20 Chugunnaya Ulitsa; the former Progress Plant on Mikhaylovskava Ulitsa; the branch plant on Pridorozhnaya Alleya; and the Kinap Motion Picture Equipment Plant at 8 Zhukova Ulitsa.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Optical instruments and lenses; SIC Code: 3827

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Defense Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 13,000; Date: 1994

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Iliya Isofirovich Klebanov, General Director

Nikolay Yu. Shustov, Technical Director

Arkady S. Kobitsky, Commercial Director

Sergey V. Shnurov, Director of LOMO Foreign

Trade Company

Sergei I. Suderevsky, Director of Investments

OWNERSHIP: Joint-stock

YEAR ESTABLISHED: Association founded 1962; the State Optical Mechanical Plant (GOMZ) established in the 1930s. First optics manufacturing shop founded in 1914.

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Infrared homing heads; laser rangefinders; naval detection equipment; periscopes; gun sights; FLIRs.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Microscopes; cameras; precision measuring instruments; spectrometers; lenses for TV cameras; medical equipment; fiber optic endoscopes; large special purpose optical systems; other optical-mechanical equipment; astronomical equipment; studio sound technological equipment and amplifiers.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Industrial robots, including die-stamping robots and cold stamping robots; a flexible production module; diamond cutting tools; aluminum alloys die-casting machines; plastic molding; production of cutting and measuring tools.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Joint venture with a U.S. company to build analytic spectrometers.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: LOMO was one of the founders in 1990 of the Leningrad Business Forum, an association for foreign economic cooperation. In 1991 LOMO's military production was about 18 percent of its total output.

ENTERPRISE NAME: POISK SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE

LAST UPDATE: August 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: NII "Poisk"

ADDRESS:

195009, St.Petersburg, Russia

Mikhailova Street, 17

Poisk Scientific Research Institute

Telephone: (011-7-812) 531-89-72; Telex: N/A; Teletype: N/A; Fax: (011-7-812) 542-6401; E-Mail: N/A

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Poisk Scientific Research Institute specializing in electronic management systems.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Elaboration and production of management systems for ammunition and various items; SIC Code: 3429, 3669

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Defense Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 1,000; Date: 1994

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Leonid S. Egorenkov, Director

OWNERSHIP: State-owned

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1930

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Management systems for artillery shells, mortars, aviation bombs and explosive devices.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Explosive devices for mining and coal industries, consumer goods (Electronic locks, security systems.)

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Design facilities for electronic management systems.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Large conversion programs will not be undertaken. However, the institute has plans to create a company that will manufacture windowframes. The project anticipated to be under taken with the company "European Data Group, Inc."

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: POZITRON COMPANY

LAST UPDATE: September 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: NPO "Pozitron Scientific Production Association," Leningrad Electronics Production Association, Positron Association

ADDRESS:

194223 St. Petersburg, Russia

Kurchatov Ulitsa, 10

Pozitron Scientific Production Association

Telephone: (011-7-812) 552-16-17, Telex: 121452 VITA SU; Fax: (011-7-812) 552-27-66, 552-60-81; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Pozitron is the leading Soviet production facility for the manufacture of resistors, capacitors and television components, and is now involved in the production, sale & marketing of consumer electronics. It has produced a variety of military equipment, including electronic components and tensile condensers for missiles.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Electronic components, televisions, VCRS; SIC Code: 3629, 3651

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Electronics Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Yuriy I. Blokhin, General Manager

Aleksander V. Lanskov, Manager

OWNERSHIP: Joint Stock Company (85% owned by employees and managers)

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1971

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Integrated circuits; multi-layer chip capacitors; semiconductors for research; thermal detectors; sensors/potentiometers; reverse engineering of Japanese and Western electronic equipment; ceramic capacitors; tantalum capacitors.

CIVILIAN PRODUCT LINES: Television sets (Elektronika and Colorstar brands); VCRS; resistors and capacitors; laboratory equipment and medical instruments; computers; tools; bearings; abrasive materials; Christmas tree decorations; office equipment; film.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Electronic component production equipment; diamond lathe; clean room. For more information, see individual facility descriptions below.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Exploring research and development of tantalum condensers for televisions; video equipment; machining of metals; and ceramics. Pozitron manufactured 90,000 televisions in 1990, exporting half to Western Europe. Plans in 1990 called for expanding television production to 2 million sets per year by 1995. Pozitron has also been emphasizing consumer goods since 1985. In March 1992, Pozitron's Vidikond Plant opened video assembly and packing plant as part of joint venture with Korea Daewoo Corporation. They plan to assemble/produce 200,000 annually.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: There were eleven plants in the Pozitron Association: The Viton Television and Videorecorder Plant "Videomagnetofon" and Special Design Bureau "Vit" make television sets ("Elektronika" and "Colorstar.") Together they are a commercial facility producing video recorders and small portable color televisions ceramic plaster, and film condensers. This facility was established in the mid-1980s to take over television production from the Mezon Plant. It is located in Novaya Ladoga, near Ulitsa Yeseniya, in the Grazhdanka area of St. Petersburg. In 1984, it employed 3,000 people. Most production was slated for export to Third World countries.

The Kulon Plant, one of Russia's older electronic components facilities, produces ceramic capacitors, condensers, and resistors. In 1988, it employed 5,000. It received new tools and production line in the mid-1970s.

The Mezon Plant originally produced resistors and capacitors of all types, including paper and electrolytic types, and more recently, used tantalum. The facility includes five very large factory buildings, containing mostly very old manual and semi-automatic Soviet production equipment. Mezon received new tools and production line in mid-1970s. After 1985, it stopped production of resistors and engaged primarily in the production of tantalum capacitors for the general electronic industry with a small portion of the best quality output going to the military customers. In 1988, it employed 3,000 to 4,000. It is located at No. 28 Karl Marx Prospect.

The Central Design Bureau for Technical Equipment designed and produced the equipment and components needed by Gerekond, Kulon and Mezon. It is located on Artekarskiy Ostrov, at the intersection of Ulitsa Professora Popova and Ultisa Kantemirovskaya. In 1979, it employed 2,000, including 500 senior design engineers engaged in research and development of new production methods, tools, and assembly and productions lines.

The Gerekond State Scientific Research Institute of Resistors and Capacitors specialized in reverse engineering of Western integrated circuits and microelectronics equipment; and designs thermal resistors and capacitors and performs experimental production. In 1989, it employed 5,000 scientists, designers, workers and administrators. It is located at Ulitsa Kurchatova No. 6 and Ulitsa Professor Popova No. 23.

The Lakon Plant at Suvorov Ulitsa No. 8 is also a part of Pozitron. It produces consumer goods,

computers and office equipment, and Christmas tree decorations.

Pozitron also includes the Rekond Plant, which produces ceramic and other capacitors, and Experimental Complex Center for consumer electronics services, and a construction facility.

ENTERPRISE NAME: PRIMORSK AFFILIATE OF ENERGIYA SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Primorskiy filial NPO "Energiya" imeni akademika S.P. Koroleva

ADDRESS:

188910, Primorsk, Russia (Leningrad Oblast)

Malodetskoselskiy Prospekt, 32

Primorsk Affiliate of Energiya Scientific Production

Association

Telephone: (011-7-81278) 7-57-37, 7-53-31 (General Director), 7-85-59 (Technical Manager); Telex: N/A; Fax: (011-7-81278) 7-57-37

GENERAL OVERVIEW: A long time participant in the development and testing of rocket engines for missiles and space launch vehicles, Primorsk is now exclusively involved in space programs. It is part of the Energiya Scientific Production Association, Russia's premier developer of space technology. Primorsk specializes in rocket propulsion technology developed by Energiya.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Rocket propulsion; SIC Code: 2821, 2891, 3423, 3556, 3569, 3842

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of General Machine-Building

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 1,000; Date: 1993

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Vladimir Vladimirovich Elfimov, General Director

Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Kuznetsov, Scientific

Director

Aleksandr Zilitinchevich, Chief Engineer

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Assembly and testing of rocket and aircraft engines and fuel.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Prosthetic devices; food processing equipment.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Primorsk has advanced facilities for the assembly and testing of rocket and aircraft engines.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: A prototype of the Vulcan cleaner has been developed at Primorsk based on the cleaning system used for rocket engines and fuels. This small device is designed to clean pollutants such as waste water, industrial emissions, and toxic wastes. Fixed and truck-mounted versions of the Vulcan cleaner are planned.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Primorsk is seeking joint ventures with Finland and Western countries to develop civilian products. Primorsk is a member of the Academician S.P. Korolev NPO Energiya Space Holding Company, a joint stock company formed in 1993 based on NPO Energiya.

ENTERPRISE NAME: PROMETEY CENTRAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS

LAST UPDATE: November 1992

ALTERNATE NAMES: TsNII konstruktsionnykh materialov (TsNIIKM) "Prometey," TsNIIMS, Central Research Institute of Construction Materials

ADDRESS:

193167 St. Petersburg, Russia

Nevskiy Prospekt

Prometey Central Scientific Research Institute of

Structural Materials

Telephone: (011-7-812) 274-37-96; Telex: 322147 ALFA, 121199 PROM SU; Fax: (011-7-812) 274-17-07; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Prometey Institute develops and produces advanced alloys and conducts research in metallurgical and welding techniques.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Metallurgy R&D; SIC Code: 2813, 2819, 3341, 3356, 3363, 3364, 3429, 3443, 3498, 3499, 3533, 3548, 3561, 3569, 3599, 3823, 3841, 3842, 3949

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 1,700-5,000; Date: 1991

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Igor Vasilevich Gorynin, Director

Viktor A. Ignatov, First Deputy Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1939

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Heavy armor research and development; metallurgical research for shipbuilding; defectoscope quality control measures; titanium-alloy for submarine hull construction; non-magnetic steels and alloys for anti-submarine vessels; high-strength hull steels, advanced propulsion system materials, aluminum alloys; titanium alloys for machinery system applications.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Titanium alloys; aluminum-magnesium alloy with "memory" properties; large volume pressure containers made of wound polymer or carbon fibers; catalytic converters containing titanium fuel; double-layer steel with corrosion protection for cold weather environments (ice breaker sterns); corrosion resistant pipes for long distance heating systems; welding electrodes; titanium hydrofoils; technology for joining steel and aluminum and steel and titanium; testing systems to detect intercrystalline corrosion (used in nuclear industries), and anode protection for ships.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Processes for working with titanium and other alloys, including vacuum-arc and electroslag capabilities; process for rolling beryllium between two sheets of steel; argon gas-flow meter for welding; argon-filled chamber to work on titanium submarine hulls; composites; coatings; plastics; corrosion research-galvanic protection using an external current and special paint; porous amorphous materials able to withstand high temperature used as flexible radar absorption material.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Use of titanium-alloy in off-shore drilling rigs, hulls and props for commercial ships, surgical instruments, filters, pumps, tanks, and sports equipment, commercial applications for amorphous metal alloys with fine grains for use in magnetic and electromagnetic

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Prometey has a branch facility located at a shipyard in Severodvinsk, as well as a building in suburb of Gatchina in Leningrad. Prometey also has underground facilities: a main one beneath Aleksandr Nevskiy Monastery Museum and another in the area between Sinopskaya Naberezhnaya and Ulitsa Krasnovo Tekstilshchika, possibly contiguous with Nevskiy complex.

ENTERPRISE NAME: PIROMETER PLANT

LAST UPDATE: April 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Zavod "Pyrometr," Leningradskiy zavod "Pirometr." Part of the Elektroavtomatika Scientific Production Association.

ADDRESS:

197061, St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Skorokhodova, 16

Pirometer Plant

Telephone: (011-7-812) 238-72-45 (General Director), 238-16-41 (Deputy Director), 238-72-92; Telex: 121687 ARTEK; Teletype: 321384 ARTEK; Fax: (011-7-812) 238-61-87; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Pirometer Plant makes many types of electronic products with uses in a wide range of applications. It is part of the NPO "Elektroavtomatika."

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Electronics; SIC Code: 3542, 3572, 3651, 3661, 3663, 3679, 3699, 3823, 3829, 3843, 3845

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Aviation Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 4,000

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Aleksandr Grigoryevich Pshenichnikov, General

Director

Aleksey Artemyevich Vasilyev, Deputy Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1920s

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Various military electronic components including infrared electronics and electronic warning signaling equipment.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Pyrometric instrumentation for heavy metal industry, ultrasonic technologies, tape recorders, electronic switches, telephonic apparatus, micromotors.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Brightness and spectrographic measurement devices.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: N/A

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: RADIEVYY INSTITUTE

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: Radievyy Institute imeni V.G. Khlopina Scientific Production Association, Institute for Radioactive Research, Radium Institute

ADDRESS:

194021, St. Petersburg, Russia

Prospekt Shvernika, 28

Radievyy Institute

Telephone: (011-7-812) 247-56-74; Telex: N/A; Teletype: 122700 KAMIN; Fax: (011-7-812) 534-77-52

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Radievyy Institute does research into the physics, chemistry, and geochemistry of radioactivity.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Nuclear-related research; SIC Code: 2819, 2836, 2869, 3295, 3339, 3644, 3674, 3829, 3844

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: N/A

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Aleksandr Ivanovich Karelin, Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1922

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Nuclear Research

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Ionization sources, production of rare-earth elements from raw materials, super-pure polycrystalline silicon, nano-crystallic super-pure silicon compositions-silicon oxide, nitrogen compounds, carbon compounds, marked biologically-active compositions of various classes, dyes and pigments based on metalphthalocyanines, high voltage insulators employing irradiated plastics.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: Instruments and methods for measuring ionizing radiations, technology for processing non-ferrous metals from plating etching solutions for subsequent utilization.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: N/A

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: RUBIN CENTRAL MARINE TECHNOLOGY DESIGN BUREAU

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: TsKBMT "Rubin," Rubin Central Maritime Design Bureau, TsKB "Rubin," Rubin Central Design Bureau for Maritime Engineering

ADDRESS:

191126 St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Marata, 90

Rubin Central Marine Technology Design Bureau

Telephone: (011-7-812) 210-17-05, 314-03-73, 314-37-69; Telex: 121455 NEPT SU; Teletype: 121091 NEPTUN; Fax: (011-7-812) 164-37-49, 112-40-64; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Rubin Design Bureau specializes in submarine and other underwater technologies, but has suffered a sharp cutback in orders. Design bureau officials are trying to compensate with work on civilian projects. Civil work has reportedly increased from 10 percent in 1987 to 35 percent, mainly for the domestic oil, gas and fishing industries. In 1993, Rubin exhibited a model of a 30,000 ton underwater supertanker for use in exploiting oil and gas fields off Russia's Arctic coast.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Shipbuilding; SIC code: 373

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 2,500; Date: 1987

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Igor Dmitriyevich Spasskiy, General Director

Sergey Arkadyevich Komorov, Deputy General

Director

Nikolay Nosov, Deputy Director

Gennadiy Borisovich Sorokin, Head of Marketing

Export Project Neptun

Vladimir Barantsev, Chief Designer

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Submarine designs

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Equipment for producing glue, gelatin, dry foods, coffee.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Tourist submarine; portable power stations; underground nuclear power stations; arctic drilling platforms; underwater tankers; fast food enterprises; health spas; plastic models of submarines.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: The commercial arm of Rubin is Export Project Neptun, which is located at the neighboring Neptun Hotel and Business Center. Information on Export Project Neptun: Address: Obvodny Canal, 939, 191126, St. Petersburg, Russia; Telephone: 314-37-69; Telex: 121455; Telefax: 1643749.

ENTERPRISE NAME: SEVERNAYA VERF SHIPBUILDING PLANT

LAST UPDATE: September 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Sudostroitelnyy zavod "Severnaya verf," Northern Shipyard, Leningradskiy sudostroitelnyy zavod imeni A.A. Zhdanova

ADDRESS:

198096 St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Korabelnaya, 6

Severnaya Verf Shipbuilding Plant

Telephone: (011-7-812) 184-82-33; Telex: 121386 SVER SU, 121386 KLAPAN; Fax: (011-7-812) 184-76-78; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Severnaya Verf is a major shipyard producing both naval and civilian ships. It is capable of building merchant ships up to 13,000 deadweight tons. The shipyard is part of the Severnaya Verf Production Association, which includes an electrodes factory with a capacity of 20,000 tons annually and a furniture factory.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Shipbuilding; SIC Code: 373

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 7,300; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Yuriy Lvovich Bokov, Director

OWNERSHIP: Transitioning to joint stock; majority of stock to be employee-owned.

YEAR ESTABLISHED: Early 1900s

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Destroyers

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Roll-on/Roll-off (RO/RO) freighters; bulk carriers; accessories and spare parts for ships; salvage and diving equipment; barges; souvenirs; mattresses; furniture; consumer goods; metal structures; washbasins; nails.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Bulk carriers

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: The Severnaya Verf Association received authorization in June 1992 to be turned into a joint-stock company. Its basic value is estimated at 100 million rubles.

ENTERPRISE NAME: SIGNAL PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: PO "Signal", Scientific and Industrial Enterprise "Signal", NPP "Signal"

ADDRESS:

193019 St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Knipovich, 4

Telephone: (011-7-812) 567-22-14, 567-22-33; Telex: 122269 PIRS; Teletype: N/A; Fax: (011-7-812) 567-83-55

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Signal Production Association produces communication equipment for the military and the civil market.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Radio equipment; SIC Code: 3571, 3651, 3661, 3663, 3843, 3944, 3999

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: N/A

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: N/A

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Valentin Petrovich Zanin, General Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Communications equipment, including cryptographic equipment and telephones.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Communications equipment, computers, medical instruments, electrical musical instruments, and toy slot machines.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Signal is working with International American Products to make dental equipment.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: ST. PETERSBURG MALAKHIT MARINE ENGINEERING BUREAU

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: Sankt-Peterburgskoye morskoye byuro mashinostroyeniye, St. Petersburg Marine Machine-Building Bureau, Malakhit Union Design-Assembly Machine-Building Bureau, Soyuznoye proyektno-montazhnoye byuro mashinostroyeniye "Malakhit", SPMBM "Malakhit", KBM "Malakhit".

ADDRESS:

196135, St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Frunze, 18

St. Petersburg Malakhit Marine Engineering Bureau

Telephone: (011-7-812) 264-65-77, 293-50-44; Telex: 121345 PTB SU for 122521 BOT; Teletype: 122521 BOT; Fax: (011-7-812) 298-17-19

GENERAL OVERVIEW: Malakhit Marine Engineering Bureau has designed nuclear-powered attack submarines including the November, Victor-series, Alpha, and Akula which is currently in series production. Malakhit also designs torpedo tubes and submarine missile armament complexes. In addition it designs small submersibles for intelligence collection, deep-diving oceanographic research and rescue, and commercial applications.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Submarine design; SIC Code: 1629, 3462, 3489, 3731, 3812

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 2,000; Date: 1993

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Anatoliy Valeryevich Kuteynikov, General Designer

Vladimir Ivanovich Barantsev, Chief Designer

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1948

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Designs for nuclear-powered attack submarines; torpedo tubes and submarine missile armament complexes; small diesel-electric submarines for anti-ship warfare and special purposes; and electric midget submarines for special military tasks such as covert laying of mines and delivery and recovery of frogmen.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Submersibles for oceanographic research.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Malakhit has designed special waterborne equipment for clearing standing underwater timber from reservoirs and rivers. It also has proposed designing or converting nuclear-powered submarines for use as tankers and cargo vessels to service arctic oil fields by operating under the ice. In addition it has proposed concepts for underground nuclear power plants that would be more secure against radioactive leaks.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: N/A

ENTERPRISE NAME: ST. PETERSBURG RED OCTOBER MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISE

LAST UPDATE: April 1993

ALTERNATE NAMES: Sankt-Peterburgskoye mashinostroitelnoye predpriyatiye "Krasnyy Oktyabr," Red October Machine Building Production Association

ADDRESS:

194223, St. Petersburg, Russia

Ulitsa Politekhnicheskaya, 13/15

St. Petersburg Red October Machine-Building Enterprise

Telephone: (011-7-812) 247-43-33, 247-97-15, 247-16-29, 247-42-33; Telex: N/A; Teletype: 322194 KARTER SU; Fax: (011-7-812) 247-18-92, 247-64-14; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Red October Machine-Building Enterprise is a major producer of helicopter engines and components, as well as being the only producer of helicopter engine transmissions in the former USSR. It also has produced fighter jet engines and rocket engines.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Aircraft Engines; SIC Code: 3724

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Aviation Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 7,000; Date: 1992

PRINCIPAL OFFICER:

Anatoliy Nikolayevich Fomichev, General Director

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: N/A

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Helicopter engines, generators, and transmissions; fighter jet engines; rocket engines.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Helicopter engines and other components.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: Mopeds, engines for small tractors, snowmobiles, small motorcycles, gas turbine engines of various sizes, self-propelled cultivators, home water heaters, small winches, kitchen knives, footwear-making equipment, and medical equipment.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: The Red October enterprise does serial production of engines developed by the Klimov Design Bureau in St. Petersburg.

ENTERPRISE NAME: SVETLANA ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT-MAKING ASSOCIATION

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: NPO "Svetlana", Leningrad Svetlana Electronic Instrument Manufacture Association, Electronic Instrument-Making Association "Svetlana", Leningrad Association of Electronic Instrument-Making "Svetlana", The St. Petersburg Conglomerate of the Electronic Instrument Engineering Industry "Svetlana", Svetlana Electronic Device Manufacturing Corporation

ADDRESS:

194156, St. Petersburg, Russia

Prospekt Engelsa, 27

Svetlana Electronic Instrument-Making Association

Telephone: (011-7-812) 554-91-08, 554-03-72, 554-03-70; Telex: 121466 ELEKS SU; Fax: (011-7-812) 553-70-01; Teletype: 121004 BARKHAT

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Svetlana Electronic Instrument-Making Association is a large conglomerate primarily involved in the research, design, and manufacturing of electronic and microelectronic instruments. Svetlana also produces a wide variety of other products including medical, transportation, communications, agriculture, and recreation equipment and household appliances. The Svetlana Association consists of approximately five separate plants, five experimental design bureaus, and two addresses, 27 Prospekt Engelsa and 2 Prospekt Svetlanskiy, for the main Svetlana facility in St. Petersburg.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Microelectronics; SIC Code: 3231, 3469, 3589, 3634, 3671, 3679, 3823, 3825, 3844, 3845, 3861, 3873, 3944

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Electronics Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: 30,000

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Gennadiy Anatolyevich Shchukin, General Director

Vladimir N. Vyuginov, Deputy General Director

Boris V. Pavlov, Chief Engineer

Aleksandr Ivanovich Borovskiy, Technical Manager

OWNERSHIP: State-controlled

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1962

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Electronics.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: The Svetlana Association produces a variety of electronic and microelectronic instruments, including transmitting and modulator tubes for all frequency ranges; X-band broadband passive TR limiter; KU-band broadband TR tube; klystron amplifiers; X-ray tubes; portable X-ray units for medicine and industry; high-frequency fast response thyristors; transistors; integrated microcircuits; microcomputers; microcontrollers; microcalculators; ultrasonic delay lines; receiving tubes; process equipment for the manufacture of electronic engineering items. The Svetlana Association also produces consumer goods such as articles made from electro-vacuum glass, dewar flasks, lamp-brackets, photographic and cinema accessories, agriculture selection equipment, coffee makers, ski bindings, strings for musical instruments, glass and crystal utensils and articles, thermos flasks, automobile mirrors, tachometers, chess computers, and toys.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: N/A

CONVERSION PROJECTS: The Svetlana Association is seeking to enter into joint ventures for manufacturing electronic engineering equipment; cooperate in the marketing and sales of products, with the sales rights allotted to its partners; exchange electronic engineering equipment for process equipment; purchase special equipment for the manufacturing of electronics; and advertise its products on the international market.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Svetlana will also modify any of its products to meet the specific needs of its customers; develop new items for its customers within a period of six to twelve months; and extend licenses for manufacturing electronic engineering equipment.

ENTERPRISE NAME: VAVILOV STATE OPTICAL INSTITUTE

LAST UPDATE: June 1994

ALTERNATE NAMES: Gosudarstvennyy opticheskiy institut (GOI) imeni S. I. Vavilova

ADDRESS:

199034 St. Petersburg, Russia

Birzhevaya Liniya, 12

Vavilov State Optical Institute

Telephone: (011-7-812) 218-48-92, 350-99-93; Telex: 121235 GOI; Teletype: 122118 LAVINA; Fax: (011-7-812) 128-36-20, 218-37-20; E-Mail:

GENERAL OVERVIEW: The Vavilov Institute, like the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, sets the standards for all optics institutes, plants, and enterprises in the former Soviet Union. Roughly 60 percent of Vavilov's research and design efforts were dedicated to military and space projects.

PRIMARY BUSINESS: Branch: Optics research and development; SIC Code: 3828

FORMER MINISTRY SUBORDINATION: Ministry of the Defense Industry

APPROXIMATE EMPLOYMENT: Total: 12,000; Date: 1991

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS:

Viktor Ivanovich Puchkov, General Director

G. Petrovski, Deputy Director

Aleksey M. Bonch-Bruyevich, Department Chief

Ye. A. Tsverkov, Deputy Director

YEAR ESTABLISHED: 1918

MILITARY PRODUCT LINES: Optical components for weapons, including submarine and naval applications, space and strategic defense; guidance systems; spectroscopic instruments; radiometers.

CIVIL PRODUCT LINES: Television equipment; multipath interferometers; beacons; marine navigation signals; lighthouses; flash lamps; zoom and other variable-focus cameras; automobile headlights; airport landing lights; opthalomological lenses; zinc selenide for lasers; special-effect holograms; iridium mirrors. Space and lasers optics, including large lenses and mirrors; beryllium and composite mirrors; adaptive optics; diamond-turned metal mirrors; glass-crystalline mirrors; wide range of anti-reflective and mirror coatings; photoelectric sensors. General optical instruments, including image transmission fiber bundle for medical endoscopes; reflective, selective, and anti-reflective coatings; computer-aided lens design; computer-aided production and testing of precision optical surfaces; methods for polishing extremely soft or hard optical materials; ultrasonic and ion cleaning and ion polishing; aspheric surface generation; infrared imagers for medical diagnosis and for industrial uses such as detection of heat losses in buildings and in heat supply systems.

KEY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED: See technologies and processes described above.

CONVERSION PROJECTS: The Vavilov Institute participated in the "Konversiya-90" exhibition in Munich in April 1990. It is also committed to the production of lasers for medical uses in place of lasers used for defense applications. Civil products exhibited in 1993 include the world's largest color hologram and laser equipment for engraving crystal tableware.

HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT: N/A

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: Vavilov sells some of its products through V/O MASHPRIBORINTORG, 121200 Moscow, Telexes: 411235, 411236.



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