Decree No. 1298 of the Government of the Russian Federation, 11 October
1997, Moscow: "On Approving Regulations on Organizing the System of State
Accounting and Control of Radioactive Substances and Radioactive Wastes"
In execution of Article 22 of the Federal Law "On Use of Atomic
Energy," the Government of the Russian Federation hereby resolves:
1. To approve the attached Regulations "On Approving Regulations on
Organizing the System of State Accounting and Control of Radioactive
Substances and Radioactive Wastes."
2. To designate the Russian Federation Ministry of Atomic Energy as
the client for work associated with the creation and operation of the
system of state accounting and control of radioactive substances and
radioactive wastes.
3. That the Russian Federation Ministry of Atomic Energy shall prepare
a statute on state accounting and control of radioactive substances and
radioactive wastes, and approve it in the second quarter of 1998 in
coordination with interested federal bodies of executive government and
bodies of executive government of subjects of the Russian Federation.
4. That federal bodies of executive government, bodies of executive
government of subjects of the Russian Federation, and the Russian Academy
of Sciences exercising, within the limits of their power respectively,
state management of the use of atomic energy and state regulation of safety
in the use of atomic energy, and coordinating and monitoring activities
associated with producing, using, salvaging, storing, burying,
transporting, and carrying radioactive substances and radioactive wastes
across the customs border of the Russian Federation in export and import
operations, and the organizations carrying out these activities, shall
implement measures supporting the creation, prior to 1 January 2001, and
operation of the system of state accounting and control of radioactive
substances and radioactive wastes in accordance with the Regulations
approved by this decree.
Regulations on Organizing the System of State Accounting and Control
of Radioactive Substances and Radioactive Wastes
1. These Regulations were written pursuant to the Federal Law "On the
Use of Atomic Energy," and describe the procedure for organizing the system
of state accounting and control of radioactive substances, including their
use in radiation sources, and radioactive wastes (henceforth—the
accounting and control system), binding on all legal entities regardless of
form of ownership and organizational and legal form conducting activities
associated with producing, using, salvaging, storing, burying,
transporting, and carrying radioactive substances, including those used in
radiation sources, and radioactive wastes (henceforth—radioactive
substances and radioactive wastes), across the customs border of the
Russian Federation in export and import operations, as well as on federal
bodies of executive government, bodies of executive government of subjects
of the Russian Federation, and the Russian Academy of Sciences exercising,
respectively within the limits of their power, state management of the use
of atomic energy and state regulation of safety in the use of atomic
energy, and coordinating and monitoring these activities.
2. Concepts used in these Regulations shall have the following
meanings:
"Radioactive substances"—substances emitting ionizing radiation
not classified as nuclear materials;
"radiation sources"—complexes, devices, apparatus, equipment,
and articles not classified as nuclear devices and containing radioactive
substances or generating ionizing radiation;
"radioactive wastes"—nuclear materials and radioactive
substances for which further use is not foreseen.
3. The purpose of the accounting and control system shall be to
determine quantities on hand, account for, and maintain control over
radioactive substances and radioactive wastes at the federal, regional, and
departmental levels in order to prevent loss, unsanctioned use, and
misappropriation, and in order to provide, by established procedure, the
appropriate information on quantities on hand and movement of these
substances and wastes and their export and import to bodies of state
government, bodies of state management of the use of atomic energy, bodies
of state regulation of nuclear, radiation, industrial, and fire safety
associated with the use of atomic energy, and other interested federal
bodies of executive government.
4. The accounting and control system shall include administrative
bodies at the federal, regional, and departmental levels, information
analysis organizations, and centers for the collection, processing, and
transmission of information, the engineering and technical resources, and
the legal standards regulating activities in this area.
5. Management bodies of the accounting and control system shall
include:
at the federal level—the Russian Federation Ministry of Atomic
Energy;
at the regional level—bodies of executive government of subjects
of the Russian Federation;
at the departmental level—federal bodies of executive government
and the Russian Academy of Sciences possessing subordinated organizations
conducting activities associated with producing, using, salvaging,
transporting, storing, and burying radioactive substances and radioactive
wastes.
6. The procedure for accounting for and controlling radioactive
substances and radioactive wastes shall be regulated by a statute on state
accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive wastes
approved by the Russian Federation Ministry of Atomic Energy in
coordination with interested federal bodies of executive government and
bodies of executive government of subjects of the Russian Federation.
7. Accounting and control shall be maintained over radioactive
substances and radioactive wastes of quantities and radioactivity (and/or
emitting ionizing radiation of intensity or energy) exceeding minimum
values established by federal norms and regulations on use of atomic
energy, and which require permission from bodies of state regulation of
nuclear and radiation safety for activity associated with these substances
and wastes.
8. The following shall be subject to accounting and control:
at the federal level (in organizations on the territory of the Russian
Federation)—radioactive substances and solid radioactive wastes;
at the regional level (in organizations on the territory of the
corresponding subject of the Russian Federation)—radioactive
substances, and solid and liquid radioactive wastes;
at the departmental level (in organizations located on the territory
of the Russian Federation and subordinated to federal bodies of executive
government and the Russian Academy of Sciences)—radioactive
substances, and solid and liquid radioactive wastes.
9. Within the limits of its powers, the Russian Federation Ministry of
Atomic Energy shall provide for:
1) accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive
wastes at the federal level;
2) preparation, jointly with interested federal bodies of executive
government and bodies of executive government of subjects of the Russian
Federation, and approval of the general specifications of the accounting
and control system;
3) work associated with creation, operation, organizational support,
and improvement of the accounting and control system, and with creation of
interdepartmental councils (commissions) as necessary to coordinate
activities in this area;
4) provision of information on quantities on hand and movement of
radioactive substances and radioactive wastes and on their export and
import to bodies of executive government, to federal bodies of executive
government exercising state management over the use of atomic energy and
state regulation of safety in use of atomic energy, to the Russian
Federation Ministry for Civil Defense, Emergencies, and Natural Disasters,
to the Russian Federation Federal Security Service, to the Russian
Federation State Committee for Protection of the Environment, and to other
interested federal bodies of executive government, in a volume necessary
for exercise of their powers;
5) collection and analysis of information associated with accounting
for and controlling radioactive substances and radioactive wastes at the
regional and departmental levels;
6) preparation, jointly with interested federal bodies of executive
government, of federal rules and regulations on accounting for and
controlling radioactive substances and radioactive wastes approved by
procedure established by the Government of the Russian Federation;
7) conduct of scientific, organizational, and technical research
concerned with the creation, operation, and improvement of the accounting
and control system at the federal, regional, and departmental levels;
8) coordination of the work of federal bodies of executive government
in preparing legal standards concerned with accounting for and controlling
radioactive substances and radioactive wastes;
9) the activity of information analysis organizations and information
collection, processing, and transmission centers supporting operation of
the accounting and control system at the federal level;
10) development and approval, by established procedure, of standard
forms to be used in accounting and control of radioactive substances and
radioactive wastes at the federal, regional, and departmental levels.
10. Within the limits of their powers, federal bodies of executive
government and the Russian Academy of Sciences possessing subordinate
organizations conducting activities associated with producing, using,
salvaging, transporting, storing, and burying radioactive substances and
radioactive wastes shall provide for:
1) accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive
wastes at the department level;
2) preparation and approval, by established procedure, of departmental
legal standards concerned with accounting and control of radioactive
substances and radioactive wastes at the departmental level;
3) the activity of information analysis organizations and information
collection, processing, and transmission centers supporting the operation
of the accounting and control system at the departmental level;
4) provision of information on accounting and control of radioactive
substances and radioactive wastes at the departmental level to information
analysis organizations and information collection, processing, and
transmission centers supporting the operation of the accounting and control
system at the federal and regional levels;
5) participation in scientific, organizational, and technical research
concerned with the creation, operation, and improvement of the accounting
and control system;
6) training of specialists to account for and control radioactive
substances and radioactive wastes.
11. Within the limits of their powers, bodies of executive government
of subjects of the Russian Federation shall provide for:
1) accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive
wastes at the regional level in organizations located on the territory of
the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation and conducting
activities associated with producing, using, salvaging, transporting,
storing, and burying radioactive substances and radioactive wastes (besides
organizations subordinate to federal bodies of executive government and the
Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as the "Kurchatov Institute Russian
Scientific Center" Russian Federation State Scientific Center);
2) the activity of information analysis organizations and information
collection, processing, and transmission centers supporting operation of
the accounting and control system at the regional level;
3) provision of information on accounting and control of radioactive
substances and radioactive wastes to organizations located on the territory
of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation (besides
organizations subordinated to federal bodies of executive government and
the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the "Kurchatov Institute Russian
Scientific Center" Russian Federation State Scientific Center) to
information analysis organizations and information collection, processing,
and transmission centers supporting the operation of the accounting and
control system at the federal level;
4) participation in preparation of legal standards on accounting and
control of radioactive substances and radioactive wastes.
12. Regardless of form of ownership and organizational and legal form,
organizations conducting activities associated with producing, using,
salvaging, transporting, storing, and burying radioactive substances and
radioactive wastes shall account for and maintain control over them and
submit the information they obtain to information analysis organizations
and information collection, processing, and transmission centers supporting
the operation of the accounting and control system at the departmental (in
the case of departmentally subordinated organizations) and regional levels.
The "Kurchatov Institute Russian Scientific Center" Russian Federation
State Scientific Center shall provide this information directly to
information analysis organizations and to information collection,
processing, and control centers supporting the operation of the accounting
and control system at the federal level.
13. Upon export and import of radioactive substances and radioactive
wastes, within the limits of its powers the State Customs Committee of the
Russian Federation shall provide for their accounting and control as they
cross the customs border of the Russian Federation, and submit the
information they obtain to information analysis organizations and to
information collection, processing, and transmission centers supporting the
operation of the accounting and control system at the federal level.
14. Within the limits of their powers the Russian Federal Inspectorate
for Nuclear and Radiation Safety, the Russian Federation Ministry of
Health, the Russian Federal Mining and Industrial Inspectorate, and the
Russian Federation Ministry of Internal Affairs shall maintain state
regulation of nuclear, radiation, industrial, and fire safety in operations
of the accounting and control system.
15. Within the limits of their powers the Russian Federation Ministry
of Internal Affairs and the Russian Federation Federal Security Service
shall conduct the corresponding activity to reveal, prevent, stop, and
investigate unlawful actions radioactive substances and radioactive wastes.
16. The volume of information on quantities on hand and movement of
radioactive substances and radioactive wastes provided to organizations,
including public organizations, and citizens and the procedure of such
provision shall be determined by legislation of the Russian Federation.
17. The following shall be required in creating the accounting and
control system:
1) accounting for the peculiarities of the production procedures of
organizations producing, using, salvaging, transporting, storing, and
burying radioactive substances and radioactive wastes, and utilizing
existing mechanisms of accounting and control, as well as methods and
technical resources for measuring the characteristics of these substances
and wastes;
2) foreseeing a method of operation of the accounting and control
system under which the failure of any of its elements would not disturb the
work of the accounting and control system as a whole;
3) foreseeing limited access to storage media containing information
on accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive wastes
at the federal, regional, and departmental levels;
4) providing for the development and use of state-of-the-art
scientific and technical methods for determining the characteristics of
radioactive substances and radioactive wastes;
5) implementing measures to furnish information analysis organizations
and information collection, processing, and transmission centers supporting
the operation of the accounting and control system at different levels with
computer equipment based on state-of-the-art computer technology and with
the corresponding software, and organizations producing, using, salvaging,
transporting, storing, and burying radioactive substances and radioactive
wastes with the necessary technical resources and equipment with which to
measure the characteristics of radioactive substances and radioactive
wastes;
6) foreseeing the creation of organizational training centers training
specialists to account for and control radioactive substances and
radioactive wastes;
7) providing for an initial inventory in organizations producing,
using, salvaging, transporting, storing, and burying radioactive substances
and radioactive wastes with the purpose of determining quantities on hand
and radioactivity characteristics of these substances and wastes;
8) foreseeing a possibility for cooperation under international
agreements and programs (projects).
18. The accounting and control system shall be placed in service in
stages depending on the potential radiation danger of the radioactive
substances and radioactive wastes subject to accounting and control.
[Signed] Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation V.
Chernomyrdin
RUSSIAN NUCLEAR DOCTRINE AND POLICY