Effective 23 March 1999 three Egyptian companies -- Arab-British Dynamics, Helwan Machinery and Equipment Co and the Kader Factory for Developed Industries -- were sanctioned by the US government for transferring dual-use US technology to North Korea. On 16 April 1999 the Office of Defense Trade Controls (ODTC), Department of State issued a notice that these entities had engaged in missile proliferation activities that required the imposition of sanctions under the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) and the Export Administration Act (EAA) of 1979 (as carried out under Executive Order 12424 of August 19, 1994). The Clinton administration denied these entities the right to export licences for items listed in the 1987 Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), as well as US government contracts for MTCR items. The "Helwan Machinery and Equipment Co" listed in the sanctions announcement is probably but not certainly Factory 999.
