Profile of Robert S. Norris
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 | David C. Morrison, "In Person: Robert S. Norris: A Bean Counter Who Knows His Beans," National Journal, February 15, 1992, p. 402. |
Books
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 | Robert S. Norris and Norman Polmar, U.S. Nuclear Arsenal: A History of Weapons and Delivery Systems Since 1945 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2009). |
| Robert S. Norris, Racing for the Bomb: General Leslie R. Groves, The Manhattan Project's Indispensable Man (South Royalton, Vermont: Steerforth Press, 2002). |
| Robert S. Norris, et al., in Stephen Schwartz, ed., Atomic Audit: The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Since 1940 (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1998). |
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Thomas B. Cochran, Robert S. Norris, and Oleg A. Bukharin, Making the Russian Bomb: From Stalin to Yeltsin (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1995). |
| Robert S. Norris, Andrew S. Burrows, and Richard W. Fieldhouse, Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume V: British, French, and Chinese Nuclear Weapons (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1994). |
| Thomas B. Cochran, William M. Arkin, Robert S. Norris, and Jeffrey I. Sands, Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume IV: Soviet Nuclear Weapons (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Press, 1989). |
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Thomas B. Cochran, William M. Arkin, Milton M. Hoenig, and Robert S. Norris, Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume III: U.S. Nuclear Warhead Facility Profiles (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Press, 1987).
DOWNLOAD PART 1, PART 2 |
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Thomas B. Cochran, William M. Arkin, Robert S. Norris, and Milton M. Hoenig, Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume II: U.S. Nuclear Warhead Production (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1987).
DOWNLOAD PART 1, PART 2, PART 3, PART 4 |
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|  | Available online | | Available as a pdf | | Available as a pdf of a scan | |
Publications and Presentations
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| Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011 Ultimate DVD (Copyright 2010, Encyclopedia Britannica) Robert S. Norris and Thomas B. Cochran, "Nuclear Weapons" Robert S. Norris, "Leslie Groves" Robert S. Norris and Thomas B. Cochran, "Yury Borisovich Khariton" Robert S. Norris and Thomas B. Cochran, "Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov" Robert S. Norris and Thomas B. Cochran, "Andrey Dmitriyevich Sakharov" Robert S. Norris and Thomas B. Cochran, "Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm". |
| Robert S. Norris, Hans M. Kristensen, and Ivan Oelrich, From Counterforce to Minimal Deterrence: A New Nuclear Policy on the Path Toward Eliminating Nuclear Weapons, Occasional Paper No. 7 (Washington, DC: Federation of American Scientists/Natural Resources Defense Council, April 2009)). |
| Thomas Cochran, Robert S. Norris, Christopher E. Paine et. al, Toward True Security: Ten Steps the Next President Should Take to Transform U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy (Washington, DC: Federation of American Scientists, Natural Resources Defense Council, and Union of Concerned Scientists, February 2008). |
| Robert S. Norris, "Lessons of the Manhattan Project," a presentation to the National Academies' Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy (COSEPUP), Washington, DC, September 5, 2008. |
| Thomas B. Cochran, Christopher E. Paine, Geoffrey Fettus, Robert S. Norris, and Matthew McKinzie, Position Paper: Commercial Nuclear Power (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, October 2005). |
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Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen, "What's Behind Bush's Nuclear Cuts?" Arms Control Today, October 2004, pp. 6-12. |
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Robert S. Norris, Hans M. Kristensen, and Christopher E. Paine, Nuclear Insecurity: A Critique of the Bush Administration's Nuclear Weapons Policies (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, September 2004). |
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Hans M. Kristensen, Matthew G. McKinzie, and Robert S. Norris, "The Protection Paradox," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (March/April 2004): pp. 68-74. |
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Robert S. Norris, "Leslie Groves, West Point, and the Atomic Bomb," in Lance Betros, ed., West Point Two Centuries and Beyond (Austin, Texas: McWhiney Foundation Press, 2004), pp. 101-119. |
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Christopher E. Paine, with Thomas B. Cochran, Matthew G. McKinzie, and Robert S. Norris, Countering Proliferation or Compounding It?: The Bush Administration's Quest for Earth-Penetrating and Low-Yield Nuclear Weapons (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, May 2003). |
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Matthew G. McKinzie, Thomas B. Cochran, Robert S. Norris, and William M. Arkin, The U.S. Nuclear War Plan: A Time for Change (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, June 2001). |
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Robert S. Norris, William M. Arkin, and William Burr, "Where They Were: How Much Did Japan Know?" Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (January/February 2000): pp. 27-35. |
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Robert Standish Norris, "United States Nuclear Weapons Deployments Abroad, 1950-1977," PowerPoint presentation in the History of the Nuclear Age Dinner Series, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC, November 30, 1999. |
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Robert S. Norris, William M. Arkin, and William Burr, "Where They Were," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (November/December 1999): pp. 26-35. |
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Oleg Bukarin, Thomas B. Cochran, and Robert S. Norris, New Perspectives on Russia's Ten Secret Cities (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, October 1999). |
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Robert Norris, "China-U.S. Relations: A Habit of Distrust: Playing Catch-up, but Far Behind," Opinion, Los Angeles Times (May 30, 1999): p. 1. |
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Robert S. Norris, "India and Pakistan, at the Crossroads," paper presented at the 6th ISODARCO-Beijing Seminar on Arms Control, Shanghai, October 28, 1998. |
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William M. Arkin, Robert S. Norris, and Joshua Handler, Taking Stock: Worldwide Nuclear Deployments 1998 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, March 1998). |
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Thomas B. Cochran, Christopher E. Paine, and Robert S. Norris, Progress in Nuclear Weapons Reductions (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, January 27, 1997). |
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| | Available online | | Available as a pdf | | Available as a pdf of a scan | |
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Robert S. Norris and Thomas B. Cochran, U.S.-U.S.S.R./Russian Strategic Offensive Nuclear Forces, 1945-1996 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, January 1997). |
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Robert S. Norris, "Nuclear Arsenals of the United States, Russia, Great Britain, France, and China: A Status Report," paper presented at the 5th ISODARCO Beijing Seminar on Arms Control, Chengdu, China, November 12-15, 1996. |
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Thomas B. Cochran, Robert S. Norris, and Christopher E. Paine, "Progress in Nuclear Weapons Reductions," paper presented at the 25th Pugwash Workshop on "Problems in Achieving a Nuclear-Weapon-Free World," London, October 25-27, 1996. |
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Robert S. Norris and Thomas B. Cochran, Nuclear Weapons Tests and Explosions by the Soviet Union: August 29, 1949, to October 24, 1990, draft (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, October 1996). |
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Christopher Paine, Thomas B. Cochran, and Robert S. Norris, Practical Interim Steps Toward Nuclear Weapons Elimination and a Fissile Control Regime for Nuclear Weapon States, Canberra Commission Issue Paper (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, January 4, 1996). |
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Christopher Paine, Thomas B. Cochran, and Robert S. Norris, Preventing the Weapons Use of Nuclear Energy, III: International Arrangements for the Transition to a Nuclear-Weapon-Free World, Canberra Commission Issue Paper (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, January 4, 1996). |
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Christopher Paine, Thomas B. Cochran, and Robert S. Norris, Preventing the Weapons Use of Nuclear Energy II: Current Political Realities Facing the Transition to a Nuclear-Weapon-Free World, Canberra Commission Issue Paper (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, January 4, 1996). |
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Christopher Paine, Thomas B. Cochran, and Robert S. Norris, The Arsenals of the Nuclear Weapons Powers: An Overview, Canberra Commission Issue Paper (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, January 4, 1996). |
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Christopher Paine, Thomas B. Cochran, and Robert S. Norris, Preventing the Weapons Use of Nuclear Energy I: Technical Realities Confronting Transition to a Nuclear-Weapon-Free World, Canberra Commission Issue Paper (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, January 4, 1996). |
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Christopher Paine, Thomas B. Cochran, and Robert S. Norris, Techniques and Procedures for Verifying Nuclear Weapons Elimination, Canberra Commission Issue Paper (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, January 4, 1996). |
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Robert S. Norris, "French and Chinese Nuclear Weapons Testing," Security Dialogue (vol. 27, no. 1 (1994): pp. 39-54. |
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Thomas B. Cochran, Christopher E. Paine, and Robert E. Norris, "A Proposal for a Joint International Workshop on Verifying Deep Reductions in Nuclear Weapon Stockpiles and Safeguarding Fissile Material Stocks in Nuclear Weapon States," submitted to the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy, October 26, 1994. |
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Christopher E. Paine, Thomas B. Cochran, and Robert S. Norris, "Clinton Buys Pentagon's 'Cold War Lite;' Nuclear Weapons Policy Keeps Large 'Inactive Reserve' on Ice for Treaty Breakout," Natural Resources Defense Council news release, Washington, DC, September 22, 1994. |
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Robert S. Norris, "British, French, and Chinese Nuclear Forces: Implications for Arms Control and Nonproliferation," paper presented at the Project on Rethinking Arms Control, Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland, School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland at College Park, September 1994. |
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Robert S. Norris, "British, French, and Chinese Nuclear Arsenals: Research Findings and Arms Control Implications," paper presented at the 4th ISODARCO Beijing Seminar on Arms Control, Beijing, April 26-30, 1994. |
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| | Available online | | Available as a pdf | | Available as a pdf of a scan | |
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Robert S. Norris and Thomas B. Cochran, United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 to 31 December 1992, Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper 94-1 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, February 1994). |
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William M. Arkin and Robert S. Norris, Nuclear Alert After the Cold War, Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper 93-4 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, October 18, 1993). |
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Thomas B. Cochran and Robert S. Norris, Russian/Soviet Nuclear Warhead Production, Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper 93-1 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, September 8, 1993).
DOWNLOAD PART 1, PART 2, PART 3 |
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Thomas B. Cochran, Robert Standish Norris, and Kristen L. Suokko, "Radioactive Contamination at Chelyabinsk-65," in Robert H. Socolow, Dean Anderson, and John Harte, eds., Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, Russia (Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews, 1993). |
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William M. Arkin and Robert S. Norris, Taking Stock: U.S. Nuclear Deployments at the End of the Cold War (Washington, DC: Greenpeace and the Natural Resources Defense Council, August 1992). |
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Robert Standish Norris, Questions on the British H-Bomb (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, June 22, 1992). |
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Robert S. Norris, "The Soviet Nuclear Archipelago," Arms Control Today (January/February 1992): pp. 24-31. |
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Thomas B. Cochran, Christopher E. Paine, and Robert S. Norris, Awash in Tritium: Maintaining the Nuclear Weapons Stockpile under START, draft (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, August 19, 1991). |
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Robert S. Norris and William M. Arkin, "Beating Swords into Swords," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (November 1990): pp. 14-16. |
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Robert S. Norris and Thomas B. Cochran, U.S.-U.S.S.R. Strategic Offensive Forces, 1946-1989 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, May 15, 1990). |
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Robert S. Norris, Bill Arkin (Greenpeace), and Richard Fieldhouse, "U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Europe Factsheet," Natural Resources Defense Council news release, May 3, 1990, pp. 1-2. |
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Thomas B. Cochran and Robert S. Norris, "A First Look at the Soviet Bomb Complex," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (May 1991): pp. 25-31. |
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Robert S. Norris and Thomas B. Cochran, Making a Virtue of Necessity: START and Strategic Modernization (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, May 1990). |
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Robert S. Norris, Thomas B. Cochran, and Richard W. Fieldhouse, "Chinese Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control," paper presented at the 2nd Beijing Arms Control Seminar, Beijing, April 4-8, 1990. |
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Robert S. Norris, Thomas B. Cochran, Jeffrey I. Sands, Andrew S. Burrows, and William M. Arkin, "Nuclear Weapons," World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook 1990 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), pp. 3-50. |
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| | Available online | | Available as a pdf | | Available as a pdf of a scan | |
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Andrew S. Burrows, Robert S. Norris, William M. Arkin, and Thomas B. Cochran, Les essays nucleaires francais: 1960-1988 (Paris, Greenpeace/Damocles, February 1989). |
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Andrew S. Burrows, Robert S. Norris, William M. Arkin, and Thomas B. Cochran, French Nuclear Testing, 1960-1988, Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper 89-1 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, February 1989). |
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Robert S. Norris, Thomas B. Cochran, Jeffrey I. Sands, Andrew S. Burrows, and William M. Arkin, "Nuclear Weapons," World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), pp. 3-47. |
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Thomas B. Cochran, Robert S. Norris, and William M. Arkin, Department of Energy's Savannah River Plant Reactors and U.S. Requirements for Tritium and Plutonium for Nuclear Weapons, Backgrounder (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, October 19, 1988). |
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Robert S. Norris, William M. Arkin, and Thomas B. Cochran, U.S.-U.S.S.R. Strategic Offensive Nuclear Forces, 1946-1987, Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper 87-1, revision 2 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, August 1988). |
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Robert S. Norris, Thomas B. Cochran, and William M. Arkin, "Behind the Disclosure of U.S. Secret Tests," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , vol. 44, no. 2 (March 1988). |
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Robert S. Norris, Thomas B. Cochran, Andrew S. Burrows, William M. Arkin, Joseph Goldblat (section VII), and Richard Fieldhouse, "Nuclear Weapons," World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook 1988 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), pp. 23-64. |
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Thomas B. Cochran, Robert S. Norris, and William M. Arkin, "U.S. Nuclear Weapons Production: An Overview," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , vol. 44, no. 1 (January/February 1988). |
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Robert S. Norris, Thomas B. Cochran, Andrew S. Burrows, William M. Arkin, Joseph Goldblat (section VII), and Richard Fieldhouse, "Nuclear Weapons," World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook 1988 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), pp. 23-64. |
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William M. Arkin, Robert S. Norris, and Thomas B. Cochran, Implications of the INF Treaty, Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper 87-3 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, December 1, 1987). |
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Robert S. Norris, William M. Arkin, and Thomas B. Cochran, START and Strategic Modernization (Washington, DC, Natural Resources Defense Council, December 1, 1987). |
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Thomas B. Cochran, William M. Arkin, and Robert S. Norris, The Bomb Book-The Nuclear Arms Race in Facts and Figures (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, December 1987). |
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Robert S. Norris, William M. Arkin, and Thomas B. Cochran, U..S-U.S.S.R. Strategic Offensive Nuclear Forces 1946-1987, Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper 87-1, revision 1 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, December 1987). |
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Robert S. Norris, William M. Arkin, and Thomas B. Cochran, START and Strategic Modernization, Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper 87-2 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, November 1987). |
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Robert S. Norris and Richard W. Fieldhouse, with appendix by Ragnhild Fern, "Nuclear Explosions," World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook 1987 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), pp. 45-55. |
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| | Available online | | Available as a pdf | | Available as a pdf of a scan | |
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Robert S. Norris, Thomas B. Cochran, Jeffrey I. Sands, Andrew S. Burrows, William M. Arkin, and Richard W. Fieldhouse, "Nuclear Weapons," World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook 1987 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), pp. 3-43. |
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William M. Arkin, Andrew S. Burrows, Thomas B. Cochran, Robert S. Norris, Jeffrey I. Sands, Allan M. Din, and Richard W. Fieldhouse, "Nuclear Weapons," World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook 1986 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp. 37-80. |
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Jeffrey I. Sands, Robert S. Norris, and Thomas B. Cochran, Known Soviet Nuclear Explosions, 1949-1985 Preliminary List, Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper 86-3, February 1986 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, revised June 2, 1986). |
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Jeffrey I. Sands, Robert S. Norris, and Thomas B. Cochran, Known Soviet Nuclear Explosions, 1949-1985 Preliminary List, Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper 86-3 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, February 1986). |
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Jeffrey I. Sands, Robert S. Norris, and Thomas B. Cochran, Known Soviet Nuclear Explosions, 1949-1985, Revised Preliminary List, Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper 86-3 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, February 1986). |
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Thomas B. Cochran, Robert S. Norris, William M. Arkin, and Milton M. Hoenig, Unannounced U.S. Nuclear Weapons Tests, 1980-84, Nuclear Weapons Databook Working Paper 86-1 (Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council, January 1986). |
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Robert S. Norris, Thomas B. Cochran, and William M. Arkin, "History of the Nuclear Stockpile," in Len Ackland and Steven McGuire, eds., Assessing the Nuclear Age (Chicago: Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, 1986), pp. 235-243. |
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William M. Arkin, Andrew S. Burrows, Thomas B. Cochran, Robert S. Norris, Jeffrey I. Sands, Allan M. Din, and Richard W. Fieldhouse, "Nuclear Weapons," World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook 1986 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp. 37-80. |
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Robert S. Norris, "Counterforce at Sea: The Trident II Missile," Arms Control Today (September 1985): pp. 5-10. |
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Robert S. Norris, Thomas B. Cochran, and William M. Arkin, "History of the U.S. Nuclear Stockpile 1945-1985," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 1985). |
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William M. Arkin, Andrew S. Burrows, Richard W. Fieldhouse, Thomas B. Cochran, Robert S. Norris, and Jeffrey I. Sands, "Nuclear Weapons," World Armaments and Disarmament: SIPRI Yearbook 1985 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), pp. 41-74. |
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Robert S. Norris, "Taking Stock: The U.S. Military Buildup," The Defense Monitor, vol. XIII, no. 4 (1984). |
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Robert S. Norris, "The Future: Previewing the Latest High Tech," The Nation (April 9, 1983): pp. 446-448. |
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Robert S. Norris, "More Bang, More Bucks: $450 Billion for Nuclear War," The Defense Monitor, vol. XII, no. 7 (1983). |
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Robert S. Norris, "Preparing for Nuclear War: President Reagan's Program," The Defense Monitor, vol. X, no. 6 (1982). |
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| | Available online | | Available as a pdf | | Available as a pdf of a scan | |
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Robert S. Norris, "President Reagan's Civil Defense Program," The Defense Monitor, vol. XI, no. 5 (1982). |
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Robert S. Norris, "U.S. Nuclear Weapons Accidents: Danger in Our Midst," The Defense Monitor, vol. X, no. 5 (1981). |
NRDC Nuclear Notebook
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| Robert S. Norris is the principal author of more than 100 "NRDC Nuclear Notebook" columns featured in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists beginning in 1987. The NRDC Nuclear Notebook provides up-to-date information about the nuclear forces of the United States, Soviet Union/Russia, Great Britain, France, China, Israel, India, Pakistan, and North Korea, and tracks the status of efforts by aspiring nations to obtain nuclear weapons. Recent columns are available on the Bulletin's website, and earlier columns can be accessed in the archive. |
Book Reviews
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Robert S. Norris, review of The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner by Daniel Ellsberg (Bloomsbury, 2017), appearing in Arms Control Today, March 2018: pp. 39-42. |
| Robert S. Norris, review of Inventing Los Alamos: The Growth of an Atomic Community, by Jon Hunner (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004), appearing in Journal of Cold War Studies, Volume 11, No. 4 (Fall 2009): pp. 149-151. |
| Robert S. Norris, review of People of the Bomb: Portraits of America's Nuclear Complex, (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004), appearing in Journal of Cold War Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, (Spring 2007): pp. 152-154 |
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| Robert S. Norris, review of J.D. Bernal: The Sage of Science by Andrea Brown, (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005), appearing in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (July/August 2005): pp. 59-61. |
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Robert S. Norris, Book Review of The Bomb: A Life, by Gerard J. DeGroot, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004 ) Journal of the Cold War Studies, Vol. 10, Fall 2008, pp. 142-144. |
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Robert S. Norris, review of Hanford Site Historic District: History of the Plutonium Production Facilities, 1943-1990 (Columbus, Ohio: Battelle Press, 2003) and Hanford: A Conversation About Nuclear Waste and Cleanup (Columbus, Ohio: Battelle Press, 2003), appearing in Journal of Cold War Studies, vol. 7, no. 2 (2005): pp. 164-165.
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Robert S. Norris, review of Atom Bombs: The Top Secret Inside Story of Little Boy and Fat Man by John Coster-Mullen (self-published, 1994), appearing in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (November/December 2004): pp. 74-75. |
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Robert S. Norris, "Post-Manhattan Project Whereabouts of Uncle Sam's Nukes," review of Vanguard of American Atomic Deterrence: The Sandia Pioneers, 1946-1949 by James L. Abrahamson and Paul H. Carew (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 2002), appearing on the American Diplomacy website, https://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/archives_roll/2004_01-03/book/book_norris_postman.html, February 4, 2004. |
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Robert S. Norris, review of Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces by Paul Podvig, ed. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2001), appearing in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (March/April 2002): pp. 63-64. |
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Robert S. Norris, review of Under the Cloud: The Decades of Nuclear Testing by Richard L. Miller (New York: Macmillan, The Free Press, 1986), appearing in IEEE Spectrum (April 1987): pp.12-13. |
Encyclopedia Articles
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Robert S. Norris, "General Leslie R. Groves," American National Biography, Oxford University Press, online encyclopedia. |
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W.J. Frank, Thomas B. Cochran, and Robert S. Norris, "Nuclear Weapons" in "Technology of War," The New Encyclopedia Britannica , 15th ed., vol. 29 (1990), pp. 575-578. |
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Thomas B. Cochran and Robert S. Norris, "The Development of Fusion Weapons" in "Technology of War," The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th ed., vol. 29 (1990), pp. 578-580. |
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