At the Shipbuilding Enterprises
by A.N. Khausov
St. Petersburg SUDOSTROYENIYE , January 1995 No 1, pp 40-45
[drawn from materials in the
newspapers KORABEL, RABOCHEYE SLOVO, NA TRUDOVOY VAKTE and
SUDOSTROITEL, as well as advertising prospectuses and
informational materials submitted to the editors by
enterprises and organizations]
State Russian Center for Atomic-Powered Shipbuilding
(TsAS)
The utilization of production capacity being converted
remains among the chief tasks of the enterprises of TsAS.
One way of solving this problem is assimilating the output
of shipboard equipment that used to be supplied by
enterprises of the former union republics. Taking into
account the complex and sweeping nature of this work, it has
been decided to launch it, by and large, for orders for new
ship types.
A series of proposals has been developed at Minfin
[Ministry of Finance, Minekonomiki [Ministry of Economics]
and Gosoboronprom [State Committee of the Defense Industry]
of Russia to improve the financing of the construction of
orders, including--for all work being performed on Navy
orders--the establishment of the status of the state
defense order, along with changes in the system for making
payments, bypassing a host of intermediate levels. The
creation by TsAS of its own bank will also facilitate an
improvement in the financial situation.
The board of directors of the TsAS has decided to
create a Shipbuilding Educational Center based on the
Sevmashvtuz Technical College and the technical schools.
This will make it possible to make more efficient use of
the physical plant of the educational institutions, and to
increase the number of fields in which training is
conducted from 16 to 40. This is important from the
standpoint of the impending work to build floating drilling
rigs and create other equipment under the Rosshelf AO
[joint-stock company] program.
Zvezdochka NPO [Scientific-Production Association]
The association is building freighters with a
deadweight of 396 tonnes, intended for coastal navigation (a
modification of type 16900), at its covered dry dock. The
vessels are single-decked and twin-screw, with a poop deck
and elevated deck section at the bow, with the engine room
and deckhouse at the stern. Their principal purpose is to
deliver supplies, general and timber cargo and containers,
as well as wheeled and tracked vehicles, to points on the
Arctic coastline, including unprepared ones. Variations of
the type envisage the installation of bow ramps or on-board
devices for off-loading cargo of up to 40 tonnes.
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|Principal Elements and Characteristics |
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|Length, greatest/at load waterline, m-|45.45/41.8 |
|eters | |
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|Beam, meters |8.8 |
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|Board depth, meters |3.3 |
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|Draft, specification/at load waterlin-|1.87/2.5 |
|e, meters | |
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|Displacement, tonnes |748 |
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|Deadweight, tonnes |396 |
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|Cargo capacity (where T = 2.5/187 met-|360/150 (170) |
|ers), tonnes | |
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|Engine power, kW |2 x 210 |
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|Speed, knots |9.5 |
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|Cruising range, miles |2,000 |
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|Sea endurance, days |10 |
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|Crew |9 (+4) |
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Three 25-kW auxiliary diesel generators have been
installed on the vessel, along with a cargo crane with a
lift capacity of 3.2 tonnes (boom radius 4/12 meters) and
an anchor davit for 0.4 tonnes. The fixed-pitch screw
blades have a diameter of 1.1 meters, and a frequency of
rotation of 750 RPM. Two cargo holds (124 and 307
m3) are fitted with waterproof covers and
hydraulic drive: the size of the hatches is 3.05 x 6.6
meters and 5.5 x 13.2 meters. The ship can transport 15
standard international containers (ISO-1S) or UUK type
railroad containers.
Northern Machine Building Enterprise [SMP] PO
[Production Association]
Active preparations are underway at the association to
organize the building of vessels and drilling rigs for oil
and gas production on the Arctic shelf. The appropriate
general agreement has been concluded with the Gazprom
Russian Joint-Stock Company. The construction of a unique
pipeline-laying vessel, intended for the manufacture and
laying on the sea bottom of pipelines with a diameter of 800
to 1,200 mm, is planned in particular. The vessel is
scheduled to be prepared for operational testing in 1997.
The new consumer goods of the SMP PO include the Yula-
2 fiberglass recreational boat for two people. It is 2.6
meters long and 1.2 meters wide, with a weight of about 50
kg and carrying capacity of 170 kg. The boat can be used
with oars, sail or outboard motor. It is easily
accommodated in the baggage compartment of a passenger car.
Business contacts with Western partners are also
expanding. A contract has been concluded with the Canadian
form of (Tor)-Canada for the supply of welding electrodes.
Specialists at the association are working on the
incorporation of electrode markings that conform to Western
standards, as well as improved quality of packaging, in
order to increase the market competitiveness of these
products.
Zelenodolsk PKB
The specialists at this planning and design bureau are
working on the creation of a new generation of domestic
hydrofoil passenger vessels. The engineering design for one
variation of a vessel (Izumrud type) with automatically
controlled deep-submergence hydrofoils has been approved by
the Russian Marine Registry. The vessel is designed as a
KM*[2]A3 class hydrofoil, and is intended for maritime
passenger transport up to 100 miles from shore.
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|Principal Elements and Characteristics |
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|Length with foils raised, meters |37.4 |
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|Overall beam, meters |11.6 |
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|Draft of hull/at foils, meters |1.25/3.9 |
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|Full displacement, tonnes |120 |
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|Passenger capacity |180 |
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|Speed on calm water/in level 5 seas, |40/36 |
|knots | |
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|Cruising range, miles |400 |
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|Crew |6 |
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The main power plant is twin-shaft and designed for
16V396 TV94 diesels from the firm of MTU, which drive bypass
water-jet propulsors. The welded hull of the vessel is
manufactured of aluminum alloy, and the hydrofoil and lift
elements are welded from titanium alloy.
The ship has three compartments for passengers, a bar
and crews' quarters. The automated motion control system
provides comfortable conditions for passengers, even when
waves are heavy.
The new type of hydrofoil craft is planned to be built
at the Zelenodolsk Plant imeni A.M. Gorkiy.
Baltic Plant AO
The building of floating nuclear-powered heat and
electric power plants with a capacity of 12 MW for the Far
North is planned according to a design from the
Baltsudoproyekt TsKB [Central Design Bureau]. This non-
self-propelled plant will be able to supply coastal regions
with electric power, saturated steam, extracted and fresh
water.
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|Principal Elements and Characteristics |
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|Length, meters |97.3 |
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|Beam, meters |21.6 |
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|Board depth, meters |10.3 |
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|Draft, meters |5.3 |
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|Displacement empty/full, tonnes |7170/8700 |
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|Number of modular and single-berth ca-|27 |
|bins | |
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The plant is expected to have two shipboard reactors
that will support the operation of the main turbogenerators
(2 x 6 MW) and the steam-producing installations (2 x 38
MW). The quantity of saturated steam released will be 10
tonnes/hour, and fresh water 10 tonnes/day. The operation of
the plant can be supported without the movement of nuclear
fuel for a span of four years. The replacement of fuel in
one reactor while the other is operating is also permitted.
The full service life is estimated to be 200,000--240,000
hours, with about 100,000 between major overhauls.
There are also reserve and emergency diesel generators
with a capacity of 2 x 2.8 MW and 2 x 0.2 MW respectively,
as well as an oil boiler with a productivity of 6.3
tonnes/hour (the diesel fuel tanks are designed for 1,500
m3).
The overall capacity of the plant can be increased to
24 MW with the same hull dimensions.
The creation of floating nuclear heat and electric
power plants will allow the Baltic Plant to make use of the
rich experience it obtained in the building of nuclear-
powered icebreakers and cruisers.
Avangard Shipyard AO
The Avangard Shipyard (Republic of Karelia,
Petrozavodsk) is engaged in the series production of type
12961 fish and shrimp freezer/refrigerator trawlers (the
Leninskaya Kuznitsa/Shkhuva TsKB). The vessels are intended
for the fishing and shrimping trade in coastal tropical
regions using pareja and variable-depth trawls. The output
of frozen and chilled product is expected. The trawlers are
twin-decked diesel ships with the deckhouse located forward
and with a stern trawl ramp, constructed for Russian Marine
Registry class KM*L3A2.
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|Principal Elements and Characteristics |
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|Greatest length, meters |35.7 |
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|Beam, meters |8.8 |
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|Board depth at GP/VP, meters |3.6/6 |
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|Greatest displacement, tonnes |560 |
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|Engine power, kW |588 |
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|Speed, knots |10.7 |
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|Range on fuel reserves, days |20 |
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|Crew |17 (+3) |
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A 588-kW diesel at 345 RPM, with direct transmission
to a four-bladed VFSh [fixed-pitch screw] in a swivel
mounting, is used as the main engine. There are two 200-kW
diesel generators.
Field operations are performed using an electrically
driven four-drum winch with tractive force at the upper
coiling layer of the dragrope reel of 2 x 30.9 kN at a
hauling-in speed of 90 meters/minute; the operating length
of the dragrope is 2 x 2,200 mm [as published]. Two forward
and two aft cargo booms for 1.6 tonnes apiece are installed
on the mainmast gantry.
Three contact-type freezing installations are located
in the fishing shop on the main deck (2.5 tonnes/day
apiece); there is an ice generator (200 kg/hr) for
preserving the fish product. The chilled product, packed in
ice, is stored in the fish hold at a temperature of -
4[DEG]C, or in the freezer at -25[DEG]C.
The vessels are equipped with automation gear that
supports the unattended operation of the power plant, as
well as modern radio navigational gear.
The Nikolayevsk-na-Amure Shipyard AO
Refrigerated supply transport ships are a new product
for which the shipyard is preparing. Documentation is being
developed under a contract with the Shkhuna TsKB (Kiev) for
vessels of this class with a cargo capacity of 740 and 1,130
tonnes (types 12951 and 12950 respectively), and the
technological preparations for production have begun. The
creation of a freighter or tanker is possible in the hull of
the larger of the vessels.
The task has been posed, in the process of
assimilating the construction of the refrigerated ships at
the yard, of incorporating ASTPP [automated systems for the
technological preparation of production] with the
widespread utilization of computer technology.
The primary purpose of the refrigerated ships is the
receipt of finished fish products from vessels and coastal
fish-processing plants and their transport to the intended
destination, as well as the shipment of supply cargo to
field expeditions and port locations. The Russian Marine
Registry class is KM*L1A3.
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|Principal Elements and Characteristics |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |Type 12951 (Mago class) |Type 12950 (Preobrazheni-|
| | |ye class) |
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|Length, meters: | | |
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|greatest |71.4 |84.6 |
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|between perpendiculars |66 |79.2 |
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|Greatest beam, meters |14 |14 |
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|Board depth at midship, |7 |7 |
|meters | | |
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|Draft at loadline, meter-|4.9 |4.68 |
|s | | |
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|Displacement (T = 4.9 me-|2950 |3660 |
|ters), tonnes | | |
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|Deadweight, tonnes |1050 |1530 |
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|Cargo transported, tonne-|740 |1130 |
|s | | |
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|Volume of cargo holds, c-|1340 |2035 |
|ubic meters | | |
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|Engine power, kW |2190 |2190 |
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|Speed, knots |13 |13 |
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|Cruising range, miles |5000 |5000 |
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|Provision reserves, days |45 |45 |
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|Power of electric power |1200 |1200 |
|plants, kW | | |
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|Number of and loading ca-|4 x 3.2 |6 x 3.2 |
|pacity of booms in paire-| | |
|d operation, tonnes | | |
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|Temperature conditions o-|+5 to -28 |+5 to -28 |
|f holds, decrees Celsius | | |
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Khabarovsk Shipyard
The yard has begun the construction of the Olimpiya
class passenger SPK. These are seagoing diesel vessels
intended for operations in regions with moderate and
tropical climates at distances of up to 50 miles in open
seas, and 100 miles in closed seas and major lakes. The
vessel is designed for the Russian Marine Registry class
KM*[2]A3, passenger, SPK.
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|Principal Elements and Characteristics |
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|Overall length, meters |42.55 |
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|Overall beam, meters |14 |
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|Height with superstructure, meters |5.25 |
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|Draft, afloat/on foils, meters |4.5/2 |
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|Displacement, empty/full, tonnes |103/135 |
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|Passenger capacity |250 |
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|Speed, knots |37 |
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|Cruising range, miles |300 |
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|Crew |6 |
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The passengers are accommodated in three compartments
equipped with aviation-type seats, an air-conditioning
system, video monitors and places to stow baggage. There is
a bar in the rear compartment, and semi-open promenade
areas are envisaged. The SPK maintains steady motion in
self-stabilization mode with the aid of an automatic control
system.
Comparative analysis shows that the Olimpiya SPKs will
surpass foreign SPKs in the analogous class in their
propulsion quality (8.3) and power expenditures per unit of
transport productivity (0.33 x (kW/person-knots)),
deadweight displacement utilization efficiency (0.259) and
area of the passenger accommodations per passenger (0.88
m2/person). The cost of one passenger place is
32,000 dollars and one tonne of deadweight is 250,000
dollars, which are also better than the values for foreign
analogues.
The distinguishing features of the Olimpiya SPKs are
the reliability and longevity of the structural elements,
the high efficiency of the engine at optimal economy, and
the simplicity of control and servicing.
Azov Shipyard
The construction of small fishing vessels is one of
the principal areas of activity of the Azov Shipyard (city
of Azov, Rostov Oblast). The enterprise builds, in
particular, small seiner/trawlers (type 13301) that are
intended for catching fish using purse seines with a stern
configuration, conical nets using electric light or a
trawl. The vessel class is seagoing, steel, single-screw
with a deckhouse and the stern placement of the engine
room, and it has four watertight bulkheads. The Russian
Marine Registry class is KM*L4 I A2 (fishing), with its
navigational area limited to I.
A 6ChSPN2A 18/22 diesel with a power of 165 kW at 750
RPM is used as the main engine, and it drives a four-bladed
VFSh with a diameter of 1.4 meters through reverse reduction
gearing. Two 2.5 kW DGP 25 M1/1500 diesel generators are
the sources of electric power.
The field equipment includes an LEK-3 electric winch
and an ShG-500 hydraulic capstan, as well as a fish pump
and two cargo booms with a lift capacity of one tonne each.
The refrigeration installation keeps a space of 52
m3 at a temperature of 0[DEG]C to -2[DEG]C in a
hold loaded with fish packed in ice.
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|Principal Elements and Characteristics |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Length, greatest/between perpendicula-|26.5/22.4 |
|rs, meters | |
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|Beam, meters |6.5 |
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|Board depth, meters |3.05 |
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|Draft at loadline, meters |2.35 |
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|Displacement, empty/at T = 2.35 meter-|133.9/180.8 |
|s, tonnes | |
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|Cargo capacity, tonnes |35 |
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|Endurance in fuel/fresh water, days |6/10 |
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|Cruising range, miles |1800 |
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|Speed, knots |9.4 |
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|Crew |11 |
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TsNII imeni Academician A.N. Krylov
The Nizhegorod branch of the TsNII [Central
Scientific-Research Institute] imeni Academician A.N. Krylov
(Chkalovsk) has developed the multipurpose Vikhr small
craft/ground-effect vehicle, which is intended for the
transport of five passengers and 100 kg of cargo a distance
of up to 850 km. The ground-effect craft may be operated
year-round on major rivers, bodies of water and in coastal
maritime regions. Movement at a height of 0.2--1.0 meters
is possible over water, ice and snow-covered surfaces, in
shallow waters and over level solid surfaces. The
dimensions of the ground-effect craft are 13.8 x 8.4 x 3.2
meters, with a total mass of 2.5 tonnes, draft in the water
of 0.35 meters, and total loading of up to 0.8 tonnes. Two
114-kW VAZ-4133 engines are used as the cruising engines.
The takeoff speed is 100 km/hr, with cruising at 170 km/hr
and a top speed of 180 km/hr. The fuel consumption in
cruising mode is 2 x 22 kg/hr.
The Vikhr ground-effect craft may be used in patrol,
health-safety, postal and tourist versions as well.
Svirsk Shipyard
The PPL-1 catamaran-type floating timber-hoisting
complex has been built at this enterprise. This is a self-
propelled service craft with a displacement of 43.5 tonnes,
intended for gathering logs from the surface of the water
and from depths of up to six meters. It is 14 meters long,
eight meters wide and has a draft of 0.6 meters. The PUM-1
special hydraulic lift device and manipulator, with a lift
capacity of 2.5 tonnes at a maximum boom span of 8.8
meters, is to be installed for loading and unloading
operations. The power of the shipboard electrical
installation is 50 kW, with a fuel reserve of 3.4 tonnes.
Two water jets, separated on the sides of the vessel, of
7.5 kW apiece with box-type rudders provide speeds of up to
five knots and good maneuverability. The shipboard
equipment includes an anchoring and mooring device, two
winches for two and 0.9 tonnes, and a floodlight. A special
retractable stop has been envisaged on its bottom for
holding the craft at the shore. The catamaran has a knock-
down construction (two pontoons, power and living units and
the PUM-1) to provide for transport by motor vehicle or
railroad. The St. Petersburg Akvamarin AO took part in the
creation of the floating crane, and the Bratskiy LPK AO in
the creation of the manipulator.
Ritm AO
The paramount tasks of the Ritm Intersector
Scientific-Production Association, which unites most of the
participants in the former Ritm NPO, include the
implementation of the following projects:
- the production of lifeboats;
- the output of installations and equipment for the oil-producing sectors, in particular under the Rosshelf AO program;
- --the production of a new generation of gas-cutting and laser machinery, and the organization of service support for it in Russia and Ukraine;
- --the manufacture of elements of modular systems for the fitting of shipboard accommodations and shipboard
furnishings;
- --the building of small specialized vessels, including for tourism and sports;
- --the organization of regional production of the new Drevolit structural finishing material.
The development of a list of priority scientific
research and experimental design for the most labor-
intensive types of shipbuilding production is also
envisaged for the formulation of a plan for joint
scientific research and experimental design. The
coordination of work to strengthen and restore worn parts
using new technological methods, including for other
sectors of industry, is also planned.
Mutually advantageous terms for the collaboration of
enterprises in the association in the sale in their regions
of the products of the partners, or the transfer of sets of
design and process documentation, are formulated by special
bilateral contractual obligations.
TsNIITS
Decree No. 649 of the Russian government of 5 June
1994 conferred upon the Central Scientific-Research
Institute of Shipbuilding Technology [TsNIITS] the status
of State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation.
TsNIITS is charged under approved programs with the
performance of basic, exploratory and applied scientific
research and experimental design in such areas as the
theoretical fundamentals of the elastoplastic deformation
of metals, methods of utilizing energy of high density,
superhigh pressure and speeds, the utilization of
superplasticity and layer synthesis for the creation of new
shipbuilding materials, and the optimization of modes and
parameters of machining processes. The sphere of activity of
the institute includes research on the theory of weld
deformations, the operability and reliability of welded
structural elements, and the effects of methods of cold and
thermal influence on the structural properties of metals as
part of the structural elements of ships.
TsNIITS will be taking part in the development and
realization of dedicated federal programs, including the
"Resurrection of the Russian Fleet," "Technology, Machinery
and the Production of the Future," "New Materials," "High-
Speed, Ecologically Clean Transport," "Resource-Conserving
and Ecologically Safe Processes of Mining and Metallurgical
Production," and "Advanced Information Technologies."
The institute has been entrusted with the function of
training and retraining highly qualified scientific cadres
in the technology of shipbuilding and ship repairs, the
technology of shipboard machine building and the
organization of shipbuilding production.
The government decree approved a special provision on
the terms of the state support for TsNIITS as a State
Scientific Center. There will be dedicated financing of work
under the corresponding approved programs through the
Ministry of Science and Technical Policy from the funds of
the federal budget. The new status is conferred upon TsNIITS
for two years.
* * *
The work of TsNIITS was represented for the first time
last year along with the other products of the industry in
Australia. Russian shipbuilders took part in the
International Trade and Industrial Fair in Sydney. TsNIITS
demonstrated in particular its most interesting projects--
flange-less joints for ship's shafts, a laser system for
monitoring the curvature of the surface of sheets, an all-
purpose bending machine, pneumatic and hydraulic tooling,
and ceramic shims for one-sided welding, among others.
Firms from 22 countries took part in the exhibition.
Baltiya GSP
The Lithuanian Baltiya State Shipbuilding Enterprise
[GSP] is assimilating new types of products. These include
small fishing vessels with dimensions of 16.5 x 4.5 x 1.9
meters and a displacement of 30 tonnes. DAF 1160 engines
with a power of 155 kW are being installed in them. The crew
is 2--3 people. The order for these vessels came from
Holland. Small recreational vessels with dimensions of 14 x
4.2 x 1.2 meters have been built for a buyer from that same
country. The base version envisages the installation of two
46-kW diesels.
They have also begun to be heavily engaged, aside from
shipbuilding, in the repair and refitting of ships. The
refitting of the large railroad ferry Kaunas was performed
in cooperation with the Klaipeda Western Shipyard state
enterprise.
An order has been received from the country's power
company for the manufacture of steel tanks for the storage
of petroleum products with a volume of 30,000 m3
(diameter of 45.1 meters and height of 21.9 meters). The
production of plows with 2--5 shares has been started in
conjunction with a Polish firm.
Sevastopol Navy Yard GP
Sevmorzavod filled an unusual order last year--
dockwork and repairs on the famous transatlantic passenger
liner United States, the last holder of the Blue Ribbon of
the Atlantic prize, established back in the last century,
for the fastest crossing of the Atlantic Ocean. This steam-
turbine liner (with engine power of about 240,000
horsepower), with a displacement of 59,140 tonnes and a
gross tonnage of 53,329 vessel tonnes, was built in the
United States and was designed for approximately 2,000
passengers. It won the coveted prize on its very first
cruise in 1952, covering the route from New York to England
in 3 days 10 hours and 40 minutes at an average speed of
35.6 knots. The vessels has a greatest length of 301.7
meters, a width of 30.9 meters, a height to the main deck
of about 26 meters and a draft of 11 meters.
The fate of the liner, however, did not turn out all
that well. The vessel has been unprofitable owing to large
operating expenses, and was laid up for many years. The
Turkish businessman Mr. Sadikoglu recently became its
owner.
Sevmorzavod performed the exceedingly complex
placement of the liner in dry dock, almost "flush against"
the floating caisson. Given the considerable overhang of
the stern extremity (about 40 meters), the ship is
virtually resting just on keel blocks 1.2 meters wide with
a minimal quantity of backup side cribbing. The calculations
for the docking were performed by lead designer V.G. Lamin.
The enterprise has done work connected with the first
stage of repairs on the liner and the removal of asbestos-
containing insulation, among other things. A contract was
then signed for the performance of new work to repair and
refit the vessel.
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