1. Shahram Chubin, Iran's National Security Policy: Capabilities, Intentions and Impact (Washington, DC: The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1994), 15.
2. Eric Hoffer, The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1951), 58-9.
3. Kenneth Katzman, The Warriors of Islam: Iran's Revolutionary Guard (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993), 38.
5. Mohsen Milani, "Shi'ism and the State in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran," in Iran: Political Culture in the Islamic Republic, eds. Samih K. Farsoun and Mehred Mashayekhi (London: Routledge, 1992), 143-144.
6. Manoucher Parvin and Mostafa Vaziri, "Islamic Man and Society in the Islamic Republic of Iran," in Farsoun and Mashayekhi, 120-122.
9. Patrick Clawson, "Alternative Foreign Policy Views Among the Iranian Policy Elite," in Iran's Strategic Intentions and Capabilities, ed. Patrick Clawson (Washington: NDU Press, 1994), 41.
10. Farsoun and Mashayekhi, xii.
11. For a thorough description of the position of the Shi'ites, as well as the various divisions within Shi'ism, see I. P. Petrushevsky, Islam in Iran (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1985).
12. Milani, in Farsoun and Mashayekhi, 154-155.
13. Bernard Lewis, The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years (New York: Schribner, 1995), 67.
14. Rasool Nafisi, "Education and the Culture of Politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran," in Farsoun and Mashayekhi, 172-173.
16. Quoted in Mehrdad Mashayekhi, "The Politics of Nationalism and Political Culture," in Farsoun and Mashayekhi, 105.
17. NetIran, "Tazyieh" at www.netiran.com/culture.
19. In March 1996, for example, at a meeting with the Cuban Ambassador to Iran, the Iranian Interior Minister 'Ali Mohammad Besharati said that "the U.S. administration should know that world people are ready to sacrifice their lives to protect their independence and territorial integrity." FBIS-NES-96-054, IRNA, "Minister Criticizes U.S. Interference, Supports Cuba," March 17, 1996.