| Appendix 5 - Definition
of Terms, L - O |
| Cat 2 |
"Laser" - see
"Chemical laser",
"Laser",
"Q-switched laser",
"Super High Power Laser",
"Transfer laser".
|
Cat 2
Cat 3&5
Cat 6&9
ML 5 ML 9
ML 23 |
"Laser"
An assembly of components which produce both spatially and temporally
coherent light that is amplified by stimulated emission of radiation.
|
| Cat 2 |
"Linearity"
(Usually measured in terms of non-linearity) is the maximum deviation
of the actual characteristic (average of upscale and downscale readings),
positive or negative, from a straight line so positioned as to equalise
and minimise the maximum deviations.
|
| Cat 4 |
"Local area network"
A data communication system which:
- Allows an arbitrary number of independent "data devices" to communicate
direcdy with each other; and
- Is confined to a geographical area of moderate size (e.g., office
building, plant, campus, warehouse).
N.B. - "Data device": equipment capable of transmitting or receiving
sequences of digital information.
|
| Cat 6 |
"Magnetic Gradiometers"
Are designed to detect the spatial variation of magnetic fields from
sources external to the instrument. They consist of multiple "magnetometers"
and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of magnetic
field gradient.
(See also "Intrinsic Magnetic Gradiometer")
|
| Cat 6 |
"Magnetometers"
Are designed to detect magnetic fields from sources external to the
instrument. They consist of a single magnetic field sensing element
and associated electronics the out put of which is a measure of the
magnetic field.
|
| Cat 4 |
"Main storage"
The primary storage for data or instructions for rapid access by
a central processing unit. It consists of the internal storage of a
"digital computer" and any hierarchical extenSion thereto, such as cache
storage or non-sequentially accessed extended storage.
|
Cat 1
Cat 2
Cat 8 & 9 |
"Matrix"
A substantially continuous phase that fills the space between particles,
whiskers or fibres.
|
| Cat 4 |
"Maximum Bit Transfer Rate" ("MBTR")
Of solid state storage equipment: the number of data bits per second
transferred between the equipment and its controller.
Of a disk drive: the internal data transfer rate calculated as follows:
"MBTR" (bits per second) = B x R x T
where:
B = Maximum number of data bits per track available to read or write
in a single revolution;
R = Revolutions per second;
T = Number of tracks which can be read or written simultaneously.
|
| Cat 4 |
"MBTR" - see "Maximum Bit Transfer
Rate" |
| Cat 2 |
"Measurement uncertainty"
The characteristic parameter which specifies in what range around
the output value the correct value of the measurable variable lies with
a confidence level of 95%. It includes the uncorrected systematic deviations,
the uncorrected backlash and the random deviations (Reference: ISO lO360-2,
or VDI/VDE 2617).
|
| Cat 1 |
"Mechanical Alloying"
An alloying process resulting from the bonding, fracturing and rebonding
of elemental and master alloy powders by mechanical impact. Non-metallic
particles may be incorporated in the alloy by addition of the appropriate
powders.
|
| Cat 5 |
"Media access unit"
Equipment which contains one or more communication interfaces ("network
access controller", "communications channel controller", modem or computer
bus) to connect terminal eqwpment to a network.
|
| Cat l |
"Melt Extraction"
A process to "solidify rapidly" and extract a ribbon-like alloy product
by the insertion of a short segment of a rotating chilled block into
a bath of a molten metal alloy.
N.B. - "Solidify rapidly": solidification of molten material
at cooling rates exceeding 1,000 K/sec.
|
| Cat 1 |
"Melt Spinning"
A process to "solidify rapidly" a molten metal stream impinging upon
a rotating chilled block, forming a flake, ribbon or rod-like product.
N.B. - "Solidify rapidly": solidification of molten material
at cooling rates exceeding 1,000 K/sec.
|
| Cat 3 |
"Microcomputer microcircuit"
A "monolithic integrated circuit" or "multichip integrated circuit"
containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing general
purpose instructions from an internal storage, on data contained in
the internal storage.
N.B. - The internal storage may be augmented by an external storage.
|
| Cat 3 |
"Microprocssor microcircuit"
A "monolithic integrated circuit" or "multichip integrated circuit"
containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALIl) capable of executing a series
of general purpose instructions from an external storage.
N.B.1 - The "microprocessor microcircuit" normally does not contain
integral user-accessible storage, although storage present on-the-chip
may be used in performing its logic function.
N.B.2 - This definition includes chip sets which are designed
to operate together to provide the function of a "microprocessor microcircuit".
|
| ML 8 |
"Military high explosives"
Solid, liquid or gaseous substances or mixtures of substances which,
in their application as primary, booster, or main charges in warheads,
demolition and other military applications. are required to detonate.
|
| ML 8 |
"Military propellants"
Solid, liquid or gaseous substances or mixtures of substances used
for propelling projectiles and missiles, or to generate gases for powering
auxiliary devices for controlled military equipment which, when ignited,
burn or deflagrate to produce quantities of gas capable of performing
work, but in their application these quantities are required not to
undergo a deflagration to detonation transition.
|
ML 4
ML 8 |
"Military pyrotechnics"
Mixtures of solid or liquid fuels and oxidizers which, when ignited,
undergo an energetic chemical reaction at a controlled rate intended
to produce specific time delays, or quantities of heat, noise, smoke,
visible light or infrared radiation. Pyrophorics are a subclass of pyrotechnics,
which contain no oxidizers but ignite spontaneously on contact with
air.
|
| Cat 3 |
"Monolithic integrated circuit"
A combination of passive or active "circuit elements" or both which:
- Are formed by means of diffusion processes. implantation processes
or deposition processes in or on a single semiconducting piece of
material, a so-called 'chip';
- Can be considered as indivisibly associated; and
- Perform the function(s) of a circuit.
N.B. - "Circuit element": a single active or passive functional
part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one
resistor, one capacitor, etc.
|
| Cat 6 |
"Monospectral imaging sensors"
Are capable of acquisition of imaging data from one discrete spectral
band.
|
| Cat 4 |
"Most immediate memory"
The portion of the "main storage" most directly accessible by the
central processing unit:
- For single level "main storage", the internal storage; or
- For hierarchical "main storage":
- The cache storage;
- The instruction stack; or
- The data stack.
|
| Cat 2 |
"Motion control board"
An electronic "assembly" specially designed to provide a computer
system with the capability to coordinate simultaneously the motion of
axes of machine tools for "contouring control".
|
| Cat 3 |
"Multichip integrated circuit"
Two or more "monolithic integrated circuits" bonded to a common "substrate".
|
| Cat 4 |
"Multi-data-stream procesing"
The "microprogramme" or equipment architecture technique which permits
simultaneous processing of two or more data sequences under the control
of one or more instruction sequences by means such as:
- Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) architectures such as
vector or array processors;
- Multiple Single Instruction Multiple Data (MSIMD) architectures;
- Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) architectures, including
those which are tightly coupled, closely coupled or loosely coupled;
- Structured arrays of processing elements, including systolic arrays.
|
| Cat 5 |
"Multilevel security"
A class of system containing information with different sensitivities
that simultaneously permits access by users with different security
clearances and needs-to-know, but prevents users from obtaining access
to information for which they lack authorization.
N.B. - "Multilevel security" is computer security and not computer
reliability which deals with equipment fault prevention or human error
prevention in general.
|
| Cat 6 |
"Multispectral imaging sensors"
Are capable of simultaneous or serial acquisition of imaging data
from two or more discrete spectral bands. Sensors having more than twenty
discrete spectral bands are sometimes referred to as hyperspectral imaging
sensors.
|
Cat 4
Cat 5 |
"Network access controller"
A physical interface to a distributed switching network. It uses
a common medium which operates throughout at the same "digital transfer
rate" using arbitration (e.g., token or carrier sense) for transmission.
Independenfly from any other, it selects data packets or data groups
(e.g., IEEE 802) addressed to iL It is an assembly that can be integrated
into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide communications
access.
|
| Cat 4 |
"Neural computer"
A computational device designed or modified to mimic the behaviour
of a neuron or a collection of neurons, i.e., a computational device
which is distinguished by its hardware capability to modulate the weights
and numbers of the interconnections of a multiplicity of computational
components based on previous data.
|
| Cat 6 |
"Noise level"
An electrical signal given in terms of power spectral density. The
relation between "noise level" expressed in peak-to-peak is given by
S2pp = 8N0(f2-fl),
where Spp is the peak-to-peak value of
the signal (e.g., nanoteslas), N0 is
the power spectral density (e.g., (nanotesla)2/Hz)
and (f2-f1)
defines the bandwidth of interest
|
| Cat 2 |
"Numerical control"
The automatic control of a process performed by a device that makes
use of numeric data usually introduced as the operation is in progress
(Ref. ISO 2382).
|
Cat 4
Cat 5 |
"Object code" (or object language)
"Object code" (or object language): An equipment executable form
of a convenient expression of one or more processes ("source code" (or
source language)) which has been converted by a programming system.
|
| Cat 5 |
"Optical amplification"
In optical communications, an amplification technique that introduces
a gain of optical signals that have been generated by a separate optical
source, without conversion to electrical signals, i.e., using semiconductor
optical amplifiers, optical fibre luminescent amplifiers.
|
| Cat 4 |
"Optical computer"
A computer designed or modified to use light to represent data and
whose computational logic elements are based on directly coupled optical
devices.
|
Cat 5
Cat 6 |
"Optical fibre preforms"
Bars, ingots, or rods of glass, plastic or other materials which
have been specially processed for use in fabricating optical fibres.
The characteristics of the preform determine the basic parameters of
the resultant drawn optical fibres.
|
| Cat 3 |
"Optical integrated circuit"
A "monolithic integrated circuit" or a "hybrid integrated circuit",
containing one or more parts designed to function as a photosensor or
photoemitter or to perform (an) optical or (an) electro-optical function(s).
|
| Cat 5 |
"Optical switching"
The routing of or switching of signals in optical form without conversion
to electrical signals.
|
| Cat 3 |
"Overall cunent density"
The total number of ampere-turns in the coil (Le., the sum of the
number of turns multiplied by the maximum current carried by each turn)
divided by the total cross-section of the coil (comprising the superconducung
filaments, the metallic matrix in which the superconducting filaments
are embedded, the encapsulating material, any cooling channels, etc.).
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