NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I)
NOTE
The Final Document of the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons consists of three parts:
I. Organization and Work of the Conference (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I))
II. Documents issued at the Conference (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (PartII))
III. Summary Records and Verbatim Records (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part III))
Part I
ORGANIZATION AND WORK OF THE CONFERENCE
CONTENTS
Paragraphs
Introduction ............................................... 1 - 4
Organization of the Conference ............................. 5 - 12
Participation in the Conference ............................ 13 - 20
Financial arrangements ..................................... 21
Work of the Conference ..................................... 22 - 25
Documentation .............................................. 26
Conclusions of the Conference .............................. 27 - 33
Annex. Decisions and resolution adopted by the Conference .............
Introduction
1. At its forty-seventh session, the General Assembly of the United Nations, in its resolution 47/52 A of 9 December 1992, took note of the decision of the parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, following appropriate consultations, to form a preparatory committee for a conference to review the operation of the Treaty and to decide on its extension, as called for in article X, paragraph 2, and also as provided for in article VIII, paragraph 3, of the Treaty.
2. The Preparatory Committee held four sessions: the first in New York from 10 to 14 May 1993, the second in New York from 17 to 21 January 1994, the third in Geneva from 12 to 16 September 1994 and the fourth in New York from 23 to 27 January 1995. Progress reports on the first three sessions of the Committee were issued as documents NPT/CONF.1995/PC.I/2, NPT/CONF.1995/PC.II/3 and NPT/CONF.1995/PC.III/15, respectively.
3. Pursuant to the request of the Preparatory Committee, the United Nations Secretariat, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean and the South Pacific Forum prepared a number of background papers, which were submitted to the Conference as background documents as follows:
(a) By the United Nations Secretariat:
Developments since the Fourth Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons towards the realization of the purposes of the tenth preambular paragraph of the Treaty (NPT/CONF.1995/2)
Implementation of articles I and II of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT/CONF.1995/3)
Developments since the Fourth Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons relating to article VI of the Treaty (NPT/CONF.1995/4)
Implementation of article VII of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT/CONF.1995/5 and Corr.1)
Developments with regard to effective international arrangements to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons (NPT/CONF.1995/6)
Other activities relevant to article III (NPT/CONF.1995/7/Part II)
(b) By the International Atomic Energy Agency:
Activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency relevant to article III of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT/CONF.1995/7/Part I)
Activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency relevant to article IV of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT/CONF.1995/8)
Activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency relevant to article V of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT/CONF.1995/9)
(c) By the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean:
Memorandum from the General Secretariat of the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean prepared for the 1995 Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT/CONF.1995/10 and Add.1)
(d) By the South Pacific Forum secretariat:
South Pacific Nuclear-Free-Zone Treaty (NPT/CONF.1995/11)
4. The final report of the Preparatory Committee for the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT/CONF.1995/1 and Corr.1) was issued as a document of the Conference prior to its opening. The report included, inter alia, the provisional agenda for the Conference, a proposed allocation of items to the Main Committees of the Conference, the draft rules of procedure and a schedule for the division of costs of the Conference.
Organization of the Conference
5. In accordance with the decision of the Preparatory Committee, the Conference was convened on 17 April 1995 at United Nations Headquarters in New York. After the opening of the Conference by Mr. Pasi Patokallio (Finland), Chairman of the fourth session of the Preparatory Committee, the Conference elected by acclamation as its President Mr. Jayantha Dhanapala (Sri Lanka). The Conference also unanimously confirmed the nomination of Mr. Prvoslav Davinic, Director of the United Nations Centre for Disarmament Affairs, as Secretary-General of the Conference.
6. At the same meeting, Mr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Secretary-General of the United Nations, and Mr. Hans Blix, Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, addressed the Conference. Mr. Warren Christopher, Secretary of State of the United States of America, welcomed the participants on behalf of the host country.
7. At the opening meeting, the Conference adopted its agenda and the allocation of items to the Main Committees of the Conference as proposed by the Preparatory Committee (NPT/CONF.1995/1 and Corr.1).
8. At its 16th plenary meeting, on 10 May 1995, the Conference adopted the rules of procedure (NPT/CONF.1995/28).
9. The rules of procedure provided for the establishment of three Main Committees, a General Committee, a Drafting Committee and a Credentials Committee.
10. The Conference unanimously elected the Chairmen and Vice-Chairmen of the three Main Committees, the Drafting Committee and the Credentials Committee, as follows:
Main Committee I Chairman Mr. Isaac E. Ayewah (Nigeria)
Vice-Chairman Mr. Richard Starr (Australia)
Vice-Chairman Mr. Anatolia M. Zlenko (Ukraine)
Main Committee II Chairman Mr. André Erdös (Hungary)
Vice-Chairman Mr. Enrique de la Torre (Argentina)
Vice-Chairman Mr. Rajab Sukayri (Jordan)
Main Committee III Chairman Mr. Jaap Ramaker (Netherlands)
Vice-Chairman Mr. Yanko Yanes (Bulgaria)
Vice-Chairman Mr. Gustavo Alvarez Goyoaga (Uruguay)
Drafting Committee Chairman Mr. Tadeusz Strulak (Poland)
Vice-Chairman Mr. Nabil Fahmy (Egypt)
Vice-Chairman Mr. Pasi Patokallio (Finland)
Credentials Committee Chairman Mr. Andelfo Garcia (Colombia)
Vice-Chairman Mr. Alyaksandr Sychou (Belarus)
Vice-Chairperson Ms. Mary Elizabeth Hoinkes (United States of America)
11. The Conference also unanimously elected 33 Vice-Presidents from the following States parties: Algeria, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, China, Congo, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Japan, Malaysia, Mali, Mexico, Norway, Peru, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, South Africa, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America and Venezuela.
12. The Conference appointed representatives from the following States parties as members of the Credentials Committee: Armenia, Germany, Italy, Lesotho, Lithuania and Myanmar.
Participation in the Conference
13. One hundred and seventy-five States parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons participated in the Conference as follows: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia (Federated States of), Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
14. In accordance with subparagraph 1 (a) of rule 44, 10 States not parties to the Treaty, namely Angola, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Djibouti, Israel, Oman, Pakistan, the United Arab Emirates and Vanuatu, attended the Conference as observers.
15. In accordance with subparagraph 1 (b) of rule 44, Palestine was granted observer status.
16. The United Nations and the International Atomic Energy Agency participated in the Conference in accordance with paragraph 2 of rule 44.
17. In accordance with paragraph 3 of rule 44, the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, the European Union, the League of Arab States, the South Pacific Forum, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the North Atlantic Assembly, the Organization of African Unity and the Organization of the Islamic Conference were granted observer agency status.
18. One hundred and ninety-five research institutes and non-governmental organizations attended the Conference in accordance with paragraph 4 of rule 44.
19. A list of all delegations to the Conference, including States parties, observers, the United Nations and the International Atomic Energy Agency, observer agencies and research institutes and non-governmental organizations, is contained in part II of the present document.
20. The Credentials Committee held four meetings and, on 9 May 1995, adopted its report to the Conference on the credentials of States parties (NPT/CONF.1995/CC/1). At its 16th plenary meeting, on 10 May, the Conference took note of the report.
Financial arrangements
21. At its 16th plenary meeting, the Conference decided to adopt the cost-sharing formula proposed by the Preparatory Committee in the appendix to rule 12 of the rules of procedure (NPT/CONF.1995/28). The final schedule of costs as contained in document NPT/CONF.1995/29 was based on the actual participation of States parties in the Conference.
Work of the Conference
22. The Conference held 19 plenary meetings between 17 April and 12 May 1995, when it concluded its work.
23. The general debate in plenary, in which 116 States parties took part, was held from 18 to 25 April.
24. Main Committee I held 12 meetings between 19 April and 6 May 1995. Its report (NPT/CONF.1995/MC.I/1) was submitted to the Conference at the 15th plenary meeting, on 8 May 1995. Main Committee II held 10 meetings between 19 April and 5 May 1995. Its report (NPT/CONF.1995/MC.II/1) was submitted to the Conference at the 14th plenary meeting, on 5 May 1995. Main Committee III held 6 meetings between 20 April and 5 May 1995. Its report (NPT/CONF.1995/MC.III/1) was submitted to the Conference at the 14th plenary meeting, on 5 May 1995. The reports of the three Main Committees as submitted to the Conference constitute part of the Final Document.
25. The Drafting Committee met during the period 28 April to 12 May 1995. Its report (NPT/CONF.1995/DC/1) was submitted to the Conference at the 19th plenary meeting on 12 May 1995. At that meeting, the Conference took note of the report.
Documentation
26. A list of the documents of the Conference is contained in part II of the present document.
Conclusions of the Conference
27. At its 19th plenary meeting, on 12 May 1995, the Conference, notwithstanding extensive consultations and considerable effort, was unable to adopt a final declaration on the review of the operation of the Treaty.
28. In connection with agenda item 19, entitled "Decision on the extension of the Treaty as provided for in article X, paragraph 2", the Conference had before it the following proposals:
(a) A draft resolution (NPT/CONF.1995/L.1/Rev.1) submitted by Mexico;
(b) A draft decision (NPT/CONF.1995/L.2) submitted by Canada, on behalf of Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, the Central African Republic, Chad, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malta, the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Mongolia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, the Republic of Korea, the Republic of Moldova, Romania, the Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Togo, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America and Uzbekistan. Subsequently, Guyana, Haiti, Nauru, Nepal, the Philippines, Suriname, Venezuela and Zaire joined in sponsoring the draft decision;
(c) A draft decision (NPT/CONF.1995/L.3) submitted by Indonesia, on behalf of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jordan, Malaysia, Mali, Myanmar, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Thailand and Zimbabwe. Subsequently, Ghana, the United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia joined in sponsoring the draft decision.
29. The Conference also had before it the following draft decisions proposed by the President:
(a) A draft decision (NPT/CONF.1995/L.4) entitled "Strengthening the review process for the Treaty";
(b) A draft decision (NPT/CONF.1995/L.5) entitled "Principles and objectives for nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament";
(c) A draft decision (NPT/CONF.1995/L.6) entitled "Decision on the extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons".
30. At its 17th plenary meeting, on 11 May 1995, the Conference decided to take action on the three draft decisions proposed by the President as follows:
(a) NPT/CONF.1995/L.4 was adopted without a vote as decision 1;
(b) NPT/CONF.1995/L.5 was adopted without a vote as decision 2;
(c) NPT/CONF.1995/L.6 was adopted without a vote as decision 3.
The text of these decisions is contained in the annex to the present document.
31. Consequently, the sponsors of draft resolution NPT/CONF.1995/L.1/Rev.1 and of draft decisions NPT/CONF.1995/L.2 and NPT/CONF.1995/L.3 did not pursue action with regard to their specific proposals.
32. In connection with rule 24 of the rules of procedure, that is, submission of other proposals, the Conference had before it a draft resolution (NPT/CONF.1995/L.7) sponsored by Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Mauritania, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the Sudan, Tunisia and Yemen and a draft resolution (NPT/CONF.1995/L.8) sponsored by the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America.
33. At its 17th plenary meeting, the Conference adopted draft resolution NPT/CONF.1995/L.8, as orally amended, without a vote, as resolution 1. The text of the resolution is contained in the annex to the present document. The sponsors of draft resolution NPT/CONF.1995/L.7 did not pursue action with regard to their proposal.
ANNEX
Decisions and resolution adopted by the Conference
Decision 1 Strengthening the review process for the Treaty
Decision 2 Principles and objectives for nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament
Decision 3 Extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Resolution on the Middle East
Decision 1
STRENGTHENING THE REVIEW PROCESS FOR THE TREATY
1. The Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons examined the implementation of article VIII, paragraph 3, of the Treaty and agreed to strengthen the review process for the operation of the Treaty with a view to assuring that the purposes of the Preamble and the provisions of the Treaty are being realized.
2. The States party to the Treaty participating in the Conference decided, in accordance with article VIII, paragraph 3, that Review Conferences should continue to be held every five years and that, accordingly, the next Review Conference should be held in the year 2000.
3. The Conference decided that, beginning in 1997, the Preparatory Committee should hold, normally for a duration of 10 working days, a meeting in each of the three years prior to the Review Conference. If necessary, a fourth preparatory meeting may be held in the year of the Conference.
4. The purpose of the Preparatory Committee meetings would be to consider principles, objectives and ways in order to promote the full implementation of the Treaty, as well as its universality, and to make recommendations thereon to the Review Conference. These include those identified in the decision on principles and objectives for nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, adopted on 11 May 1995. These meetings should also make the procedural preparations for the next Review Conference.
5. The Conference also concluded that the present structure of three Main Committees should continue and the question of an overlap of issues being discussed in more than one Committee should be resolved in the General Committee, which would coordinate the work of the Committees so that the substantive responsibility for the preparation of the report with respect to each specific issue is undertaken in only one Committee.
6. It was also agreed that subsidiary bodies could be established within the respective Main Committees for specific issues relevant to the Treaty, so as to provide for a focused consideration of such issues. The establishment of such subsidiary bodies would be recommended by the Preparatory Committee for each Review Conference in relation to the specific objectives of the Review Conference.
7. The Conference further agreed that Review Conferences should look forward as well as back. They should evaluate the results of the period they are reviewing, including the implementation of undertakings of the States parties under the Treaty, and identify the areas in which, and the means through which, further progress should be sought in the future. Review Conferences should also address specifically what might be done to strengthen the implementation of the Treaty and to achieve its universality.
Decision 2
PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES FOR NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION
AND DISARMAMENT
The Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
Reaffirming the preamble and articles of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
Welcoming the end of the cold war, the ensuing easing of international tension and the strengthening of trust between States,
Desiring a set of principles and objectives in accordance with which nuclear non-proliferation, nuclear disarmament and international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy should be vigorously pursued and progress, achievements and shortcomings evaluated periodically within the review process provided for in article VIII, paragraph 3, of the Treaty, the enhancement and strengthening of which is welcomed,
Reiterating the ultimate goals of the complete elimination of nuclear weapons and a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,
The Conference affirms the need to continue to move with determination towards the full realization and effective implementation of the provisions of the Treaty, and accordingly adopts the following principles and objectives:
Universality
1. Universal adherence to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is an urgent priority. All States not yet party to the Treaty are called upon to accede to the Treaty at the earliest date, particularly those States that operate unsafeguarded nuclear facilities. Every effort should be made by all States parties to achieve this objective.
Non-proliferation
2. The proliferation of nuclear weapons would seriously increase the danger of nuclear war. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons has a vital role to play in preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Every effort should be made to implement the Treaty in all its aspects to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other nuclear explosive devices, without hampering the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by States parties to the Treaty.
Nuclear disarmament
3. Nuclear disarmament is substantially facilitated by the easing of international tension and the strengthening of trust between States which have prevailed following the end of the cold war. The undertakings with regard to nuclear disarmament as set out in the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons should thus be fulfilled with determination. In this regard, the nuclear-weapon States reaffirm their commitment, as stated in article VI, to pursue in good faith negotiations on effective measures relating to nuclear disarmament.
4. The achievement of the following measures is important in the full realization and effective implementation of article VI, including the programme of action as reflected below:
(a) The completion by the Conference on Disarmament of the negotiations on a universal and internationally and effectively verifiable Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty no later than 1996. Pending the entry into force of a Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty, the nuclear-weapon States should exercise utmost restraint;
(b) The immediate commencement and early conclusion of negotiations on a non-discriminatory and universally applicable convention banning the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices, in accordance with the statement of the Special Coordinator of the Conference on Disarmament and the mandate contained therein;
(c) The determined pursuit by the nuclear-weapon States of systematic and progressive efforts to reduce nuclear weapons globally, with the ultimate goal of eliminating those weapons, and by all States of general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control.
Nuclear-weapon-free zones
5. The conviction that the establishment of internationally recognized nuclear-weapon-free zones, on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at among the States of the region concerned, enhances global and regional peace and security is reaffirmed.
6. The development of nuclear-weapon-free zones, especially in regions of tension, such as in the Middle East, as well as the establishment of zones free of all weapons of mass destruction, should be encouraged as a matter of priority, taking into account the specific characteristics of each region. The establishment of additional nuclear-weapon-free zones by the time of the Review Conference in the year 2000 would be welcome.
7. The cooperation of all the nuclear-weapon States and their respect and support for the relevant protocols is necessary for the maximum effectiveness of such nuclear-weapon-free zones and the relevant protocols.
Security assurances
8. Noting United Nations Security Council resolution 984 (1995), which was adopted unanimously on 11 April 1995, as well as the declarations of the nuclear-weapon States concerning both negative and positive security assurances, further steps should be considered to assure non-nuclear-weapon States party to the Treaty against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons. These steps could take the form of an internationally legally binding instrument.
Safeguards
9. The International Atomic Energy Agency is the competent authority responsible to verify and assure, in accordance with the statute of the Agency and the Agency's safeguards system, compliance with its safeguards agreements with States parties undertaken in fulfilment of their obligations under article III, paragraph 1, of the Treaty, with a view to preventing diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. Nothing should be done to undermine the authority of the International Atomic Energy Agency in this regard. States parties that have concerns regarding non-compliance with the safeguards agreements of the Treaty by the States parties should direct such concerns, along with supporting evidence and information, to the Agency to consider, investigate, draw conclusions and decide on necessary actions in accordance with its mandate.
10. All States parties required by article III of the Treaty to sign and bring into force comprehensive safeguards agreements and which have not yet done so should do so without delay.
11. International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards should be regularly assessed and evaluated. Decisions adopted by its Board of Governors aimed at further strengthening the effectiveness of Agency safeguards should be supported and implemented and the Agency's capability to detect undeclared nuclear activities should be increased. Also, States not party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons should be urged to enter into comprehensive safeguards agreements with the Agency.
12. New supply arrangements for the transfer of source or special fissionable material or equipment or material especially designed or prepared for the processing, use or production of special fissionable material to non-nuclear-weapon States should require, as a necessary precondition, acceptance of the Agency's full-scope safeguards and internationally legally binding commitments not to acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.
13. Nuclear fissile material transferred from military use to peaceful nuclear activities should, as soon as practicable, be placed under Agency safeguards in the framework of the voluntary safeguards agreements in place with the nuclear-weapon States. Safeguards should be universally applied once the complete elimination of nuclear weapons has been achieved.
Peaceful uses of nuclear energy
14. Particular importance should be attached to ensuring the exercise of the inalienable right of all the parties to the Treaty to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination and in conformity with articles I, II as well as III of the Treaty.
15. Undertakings to facilitate participation in the fullest possible exchange of equipment, materials and scientific and technological information for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy should be fully implemented.
16. In all activities designed to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, preferential treatment should be given to the non-nuclear-weapon States party to the Treaty, taking the needs of developing countries particularly into account.
17. Transparency in nuclear-related export controls should be promoted within the framework of dialogue and cooperation among all interested States party to the Treaty.
18. All States should, through rigorous national measures and international cooperation, maintain the highest practicable levels of nuclear safety, including in waste management, and observe standards and guidelines in nuclear materials accounting, physical protection and transport of nuclear materials.
19. Every effort should be made to ensure that the International Atomic Energy Agency has the financial and human resources necessary to meet effectively its responsibilities in the areas of technical cooperation, safeguards and nuclear safety. The Agency should also be encouraged to intensify its efforts aimed at finding ways and means for funding technical assistance through predictable and assured resources.
20. Attacks or threats of attack on nuclear facilities devoted to peaceful purposes jeopardize nuclear safety and raise serious concerns regarding the application of international law on the use of force in such cases, which could warrant appropriate action in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.
The Conference requests that the President of the Conference bring the present decision, the decision on strengthening the review process for the Treaty and the decision on the extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, to the attention of the heads of State or Government of all States and seek their full cooperation on these documents and in the furtherance of the goals of the Treaty.
Decision 3
EXTENSION OF THE TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION OF
NUCLEAR WEAPONS
The Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
Having convened in New York from 17 April to 12 May 1995, in accordance with article VIII, paragraph 3, and article X, paragraph 2, of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
Having reviewed the operation of the Treaty and affirming that there is a need for full compliance with the Treaty, its extension and its universal adherence, which are essential to international peace and security and the attainment of the ultimate goals of the complete elimination of nuclear weapons and a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,
Having reaffirmed article VIII, paragraph 3, of the Treaty and the need for its continued implementation in a strengthened manner and, to this end, emphasizing the decision on strengthening the review process for the Treaty and the decision on principles and objectives for nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, also adopted by the Conference,
Having established that the Conference is quorate in accordance with article X, paragraph 2, of the Treaty,
Decides that, as a majority exists among States party to the Treaty for its indefinite extension, in accordance with article X, paragraph 2, the Treaty shall continue in force indefinitely.
Resolution on the Middle East
The Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
Reaffirming the purpose and provisions of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
Recognizing that, pursuant to article VII of the Treaty, the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones contributes to strengthening the international non-proliferation regime,
Recalling that the Security Council, in its statement of 31 January 1992, a/ affirmed that the proliferation of nuclear and all other weapons of mass destruction constituted a threat to international peace and security,
Recalling also General Assembly resolutions adopted by consensus supporting the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East, the latest of which is resolution 49/71 of 15 December 1994,
Recalling further the relevant resolutions adopted by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency concerning the application of Agency safeguards in the Middle East, the latest of which is GC(XXXVIII)/RES/21 of 23 September 1994, and noting the danger of nuclear proliferation, especially in areas of tension,
Bearing in mind Security Council resolution 687 (1991) and in particular paragraph 14 thereof,
Noting Security Council resolution 984 (1995) and paragraph 8 of the decision on principles and objectives for nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament adopted by the Conference on 11 May 1995,
Bearing in mind the other decisions adopted by the Conference on 11 May 1995,
1. Endorses the aims and objectives of the Middle East peace process and recognizes that efforts in this regard, as well as other efforts, contribute to, inter alia, a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons as well as other weapons of mass destruction;
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a/ S/23500.
2. Notes with satisfaction that, in its report (NPT/CONF.1995/MC.III/1), Main Committee III of the Conference recommended that the Conference "call on those remaining States not parties to the Treaty to accede to it, thereby accepting an international legally binding commitment not to acquire nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices and to accept International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on all their nuclear activities";
3. Notes with concern the continued existence in the Middle East of unsafeguarded nuclear facilities, and reaffirms in this connection the recommendation contained in section VI, paragraph 3, of the report of Main Committee III urging those non-parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons that operate unsafeguarded nuclear facilities to accept full-scope International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards;
4. Reaffirms the importance of the early realization of universal adherence to the Treaty, and calls upon all States of the Middle East that have not yet done so, without exception, to accede to the Treaty as soon as possible and to place their nuclear facilities under full-scope International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards;
5. Calls upon all States in the Middle East to take practical steps in appropriate forums aimed at making progress towards, inter alia, the establishment of an effectively verifiable Middle East zone free of weapons of mass destruction, nuclear, chemical and biological, and their delivery systems, and to refrain from taking any measures that preclude the achievement of this objective;
6. Calls upon all States party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and in particular the nuclear-weapon States, to extend their cooperation and to exert their utmost efforts with a view to ensuring the early establishment by regional parties of a Middle East zone free of nuclear and all other weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems.