DATE=6/23/98 TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT NUMBER=2-234401 TITLE=SANCTIONS DEBATE (L-ONLY) BYLINE=BARRY WOOD DATELINE=WASHINGTON CONTENT= VOICED AT: INTRO: STRONG OPPOSITION TO UNILATERAL U-S EXPORT CONTROLS AND TRADE SANCTIONS WERE VOICED TUESDAY AT A WASHINGTON CONFERENCE ORGANIZED BY THE LIBERTARIAN POLICY GROUP: CATO INSTITUTE. V-O-A'S BARRY WOOD REPORTS U-S SANCTIONS OF SOME SORT ARE IN EFFECT AGAINST OVER 40 COUNTRIES. TEXT: GARY HOFBAUER, AN ECONOMIST AT THE NON-PARTISAN COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, SAYS SANCTIONS ARE COSTING THE UNITED STATES 200-THOUSAND JOBS AND 15 BILLION DOLLARS ANNUALLY IN LOST EXPORTS. BEYOND THIS COST, SAYS MR. HOFBAUER, MOST OF THE UNILATERALLY IMPOSED SANCTIONS ARE INEFFECTIVE. U-S SANCTIONS CURRENTLY IMPACT COUNTRIES AS DISPARATE AS CUBA, INDIA, PAKISTAN, SERBIA, CHINA, IRAQ AND IRAN. AND AMERICAN LAWMAKERS ARE CONSIDERING 26 ADDITIONAL SANCTIONS MEASURES AGAINST TEN MORE COUNTRIES. EXECUTIVE IAN BUTTERFIELD OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT BUILDER, WESTINGHOUSE CORPORATION, SAYS UNLESS SANCTIONS ARE MULTI-LATERAL, THEY ARE COUNTER-PRODUCTIVE. //BUTTERFIELD ACT// TARGETED REGIMES GET GOODS AND SERVICES ELSEWHERE. CONSEQUENTLY, THESE ARE NOT REALLY TRADE SANCTIONS THEY ARE TRADE GESTURES. THE TARGETED PARTY SUFFERS NO PAIN. AND THE ONLY TRULY SANCTIONED PARTY IS THE U-S PRODUCER AND THE U-S WORKER WHO CAN NOT MARKET THEIR GOODS AND SERVICES OVERSEAS. //END ACT// ANOTHER SPEAKER, ROGER MAJAK OF THE U-S COMMERCE DEPARTMENT, SAYS WITH THE END OF THE COLD WAR, THE CONSENSUS AMONG WESTERN COUNTRIES AS TO WHAT KIND OF TECHNOLOGIES SHOULD NOT BE EXPORTED TO POTENTIAL ADVERSARIES HAS BROKEN DOWN. MR. MAJAK SAYS UNILATERAL EXPORT CONTROLS ARE LOSING THEIR EFFECTIVENESS. //MAJAK ACT// THE LIKELY OUTCOME, IT SEEMS TO ME, IS THAT THE USEFULNESS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF EXPORT CONTROLS WILL BECOME MORE LIMITED. THAT IS THE EFFECTIVENESS WILL DECLINE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF FOREIGN POLICY. //END ACT// OTHER SPEAKERS, INCLUDING FORMER OFFICIALS IN THE BUSH AND REAGAN ADMINISTRATIONS, SAY THE UNITED STATES SHOULD GENERALLY REFRAIN FROM IMPOSING SANCTIONS UNLESS IT OBTAINS COMPLIANCE FROM ALLIED NATIONS. (SIGNED) NEB/BDW/GE/JO 23-Jun-98 4:09 PM EDT (2009 UTC) NNNN Source: Voice of America .