Environmental Modification Convention
Date of Date of
Date 1 of Deposit 1 of Deposit 1 of
Country Signature Ratification Accession
Afghanistan 10/22/85
Algeria 12/19/91
Antigua and Barbuda 10/25/88
Argentina 03/20/87
Australia 05/31/78 09/07/84
Austria 01/17/90
Bangladesh 10/03/79
Belgium 05/18/77 07/12/82
Benin 06/10/77 06/30/86
Bolivia 05/18/77
Brazil 11/09/77 10/12/84
Brunei 01/01/84 1
Bulgaria 05/18/77 05/31/78
Byelorussian S.S.R.2 05/18/77 06/07/78
Canada 05/18/77 06/11/81
Cape Verde 10/03/79
Chile 04/26/94
Cuba 09/23/77 04/10/78
Cyprus 10/07/77 04/12/78
Czechoslovakia 05/18/77 05/12/78
Czech Republic 02/22/93
Denmark 05/18/77 04/19/78
Dominica 11/09/92 11/08/78 1
Egypt 04/01/82
Ethiopia 05/18/77
Finland 05/18/77 05/12/78
German Democratic
Republic 05/18/77 05/25/78
Germany, Federal
Republic of 05/18/77 05/24/83
Ghana 03/21/78 06/22/78
Greece 08/23/83
Guatemala 03/21/88
Holy See 05/27/77
Hungary 05/18/77 04/19/78
Iceland 05/18/77
India 12/10/77 12/15/78
Iran 05/18/77
Iraq 08/15/77
Ireland 05/18/77 12/16/82
Italy 05/18/77 11/27/81
Japan 06/09/82
Korea, Democratic
People s Republic of 11/08/84
Korea, Republic of 12/02/86
Kuwait 01/02/80
Laos 04/13/78 10/05/78
Lebanon 05/18/77
Liberia 05/18/77
Luxembourg 05/18/77
Malawi 10/05/78
Mauritius 12/09/92
Mongolia 05/18/77 05/19/78
Morocco 05/18/77
Netherlands 05/18/77 04/15/83
New Zealand 09/07/84
Nicaragua 08/11/77
Niger 02/17/93
Norway 05/18/77 02/15/79
Pakistan 02/27/86
Papua New Guinea 10/28/80
Poland 05/18/77 06/08/78
Portugal 05/18/77
Romania 05/18/77 05/06/83
St. Christopher-Nevis 09/19/83 1
St. Lucia 05/27/93 02/22/79 1
St. Vincent and
the Grenadines 10/27/79 1
Sao Tome and Principe 10/05/79
Sierra Leone 04/12/78
Solomon Islands 06/18/81 06/18/81
Spain 05/18/77 07/19/78
Sri Lanka 06/08/77 04/25/78
Sweden 04/27/84
Switzerland 08/05/88
Syria 08/04/77
Tunisia 05/11/78 05/11/78
Turkey 05/18/77
Uganda 05/18/77
Ukrainian S.S.R.2 05/18/77 06/13/78
Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics 05/18/77 05/30/78
United Kingdom 05/18/77 05/16/78
United States 05/18/77 01/17/80
Uruguay 09/16/93
Uzbekistan 05/26/93
Vietnam 08/26/80
Yemen Arab Republic 05/18/77 07/20/77
(Sanaa)
Yemen, People s Democratic
of (Aden) 06/12/79
Zaire 02/28/78
________________________________________________
Total 3 51 36 34
______________________
1 Dates given are the earliest dates on which countries signed the agreements
or deposited their ratifications or accessions -- whether in Washington, London,
Moscow, or New York. In the case of a country that was a dependent territory
which became a party through succession, the date given is the date on which the
country gave notice that it would continue to be bound by the terms of the agreement.
2 The United States regards the signature and ratification by the Byelorussian S.S.R.
and the Ukrainian S.S.R. as already included under the signature and ratification of
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
3 This total does not include actions by the Byelorussian S.S.R. and the Ukrainian
S.S.R. (See footnote 2.)
4 Effective January 1, 1979, the United States recognized the Government of the People's
Republic of China as the sole government of China.