I. Introduction
1.
The Conference on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty, convened pursuant to article XIV of the Treaty, was opened on 11 November
2001 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi A. Annan, who
delivered a statement on that occasion.
2. The following 109 States that had already deposited
their instruments of ratification of the Treaty before the opening of the
Conference and States signatories which had not yet deposited their instruments
of ratification before the opening of the Conference participated in the
Conference: Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam,
Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa
Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia,
Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran
(Islamic Republic of), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mexico, Monaco,
Mongolia, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway,
Oman, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea,
Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Senegal,
Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname,
Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Togo,
Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay,
Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yugoslavia, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
3. In conformity with rule 40 of the rules of procedure,
the following other States attended the Conference: Barbados, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Cuba, Iraq, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,1
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Sudan.
4. In accordance with rule 41 of the rules of procedure,
the following specialized agencies, related organizations and intergovernmental
organizations attended the Conference: Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear
Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, International Atomic Energy Agency
and Pacific Islands Forum.
5. In accordance with rule 42 of the rules of procedure,
Palestine attended the Conference.
6. In accordance with rule 43 of the rules of procedure, 24
non-governmental organizations attended the Conference.
7. A list of the delegations to the Conference, including
participating States, other States, specialized agencies, related
organizations, intergovernmental organizations, entities having been granted
observer status in the United Nations General Assembly and non-governmental
organizations, is contained in document
II. Organizational and procedural decisions
8. At its 1st plenary meeting, on 11 November 2001, the
Conference elected, by acclamation, as President of the Conference, Miguel
Marin Bosch (Mexico). On that occasion, the President delivered a statement.
9. At the same meeting, the Conference adopted the rules of
procedure for the
10. Also at the same meeting, the Conference adopted the
provisional agenda and timetable, with the following agenda items:
1. Opening of the
Conference by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2. Election of the
President.
3. Adoption of the
rules of procedure.
4. Adoption of the
agenda and other organizational matters.
5. Election of
officers other than the President.
6. Credentials of
representatives to the Conference:
(a) Appointment of the members of the Credentials Committee;
(b) Report of the Credentials Committee.
7. Confirmation of the
Secretary of the Conference.
8. Address by the
Executive Secretary of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive
Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization.
9. Presentation of a
progress report on cooperation to facilitate the entry into force of the
Treaty.
10. General exchange
of views by ratifiers and signatories on facilitating the entry into force of
the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.
11. Statements by
non-signatory States.
12. Statement on
behalf of non-governmental organizations.
13. Consideration and
adoption of a final document.
14. Any matters
arising from paragraph 3 of article XIV of the Treaty.
15. Adoption of the report
of the Conference.
16. Closure of the
Conference.
11. Also at the same meeting, in accordance with rule 6 of
the rules of procedure, the Conference elected the representatives of Austria,
Peru, the Republic of Korea, Slovakia and South Africa as Vice-Presidents of
the Conference.
12. Also at the same meeting, in accordance with rule 11 of
the rules of procedure, the Conference confirmed the nomination by the
Secretary-General of the United Nations of Hannelore Hoppe, Chief of the
Weapons of Mass Destruction Branch, Department for Disarmament Affairs, United
Nations Secretariat, as Secretary of the Conference.
13. Also at the same meeting, in accordance with rule 4 of
the rules of procedure, upon the proposal of the President, the Conference
established a Credentials Committee composed of representatives of Chile,
Japan, Kenya, Sweden and Ukraine. The report of the Credentials Committee was adopted
by the Conference at its 5th plenary meeting, on 13 November.
III. Work of the Conference
14.
The Conference held a total of five plenary meetings and had before it the following
documents:
CTBT-Art.XIV/2001/1/Rev.2 Draft provisional agenda and
proposed timetable for the work of the Conference
CTBT-Art.XIV/2001/2 and Corr.1 Draft rules of procedure of
the Conference
CTBT-Art.XIV/2001/3 and Corr.1 Background document by the
Provisional Technical Secretariat of the Preparatory Commission for the
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, prepared for the Conference
on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the Treaty (New York, 2001)
CTBT-Art.XIV/2001/4 Letter dated 9 November from the Permanent
Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the
Secretary-General, transmitting the text of an address by the President of the
Russian Federation
CTBT-Art.XIV/2001/5 Report of the Credentials Committee
CTBT-Art.XIV/2001/WP.1 Draft final declaration
CTBT-Art.XIV/2001/WP.2 Draft report of the Conference
CTBT-Art.XIV/2001/INF.1 Information note
CTBT-Art.XIV/2001/INF.2/Rev.1 List of participants
15. At the 1st plenary meeting, Wolfgang Hoffmann,
Executive Secretary of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive
Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, addressed the Conference.
16. At the same meeting, Nobuyasu Abe (Japan) presented a
progress report on cooperation to facilitate the entry into force of the
Treaty.
17. At its 1st to 5th plenary meetings, from 11 to 13
November, under agenda item 10, the Conference held a general exchange of views
by ratifiers and signatories on facilitating the entry into force of the
Treaty. Statements by representatives of participating States were made in the
following order: Austria, Belgium (on behalf of the European Union and
associated States Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland,
Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and
Turkey), Malta, Sweden, Finland, Ireland, Peru, Russian Federation, Czech
Republic, Slovenia, Mexico, Lesotho, Iceland, Australia, Indonesia, Bangladesh,
Germany, Republic of Korea, Egypt, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, New Zealand, Netherlands, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Belarus, Greece,
Argentina, Morocco, Bulgaria, Thailand, Nauru (on behalf of the Pacific Islands
Forum Group), Poland, Slovakia, Norway, Malaysia, Israel, Holy See, Senegal,
Chile (on behalf of the Group of Rio), Switzerland, Croatia, Algeria, Portugal,
Venezuela, Canada, Turkey, Luxembourg, Paraguay, Azerbaijan, Italy, Uruguay (on
behalf of the MERCOSUR Group), Japan, China, Lithuania, Spain, Hungary, France,
Guatemala, Yugoslavia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Brazil,
Zambia, Philippines, Singapore, Kazakhstan, Colombia, Qatar, Chile, Denmark,
Zimbabwe, Nicaragua, South Africa, Viet Nam, Nigeria, Romania, Armenia and
Gabon.
18. At its 5th plenary meeting, on 13 November, in
accordance with rule 40 of the rules of procedure, under agenda item 11, a
statement was made by the representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.
19. At the same meeting, in accordance with rule 43 of the
rules of procedure, under agenda item 12, a statement on behalf of non-governmental
organizations attending the Conference was made by Rebecca Johnson, of the
Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy.
IV. Conclusion of the Conference 20. At the 5th plenary meeting, on 13 November, under agenda item 13,
the Conference considered and adopted its Final Declaration, the text of which
is contained in the annex to the present report. At the time of the adoption of
the Final Declaration, the Conference noted that representatives of the
following nonsignatory States had attended the Conference: Barbados, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Cuba, Iraq, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia and Sudan. The Conference welcomed them and expressed its appreciation
for their presence. 21. At the same meeting, the Conference considered agenda
item 14, entitled “Any matters arising from paragraph 3 of article XIV of the
Treaty”, and took note of the provisions contained in paragraph 3 of article
XIV of the Treaty. 22. Also at the same meeting, the Conference considered and
adopted its report. Notes 1 The
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya signed the Treaty before the closure of the Conference
on 13 November 2001.
Annex Conference on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty (New York, 2001)
Final Declaration
1. Fully conscious of the responsibilities which we assumed
by signing the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, pursuant to article XIV
of that Treaty, and recalling the Final Declaration adopted by the Conference,
held in Vienna, from 6 to 8 October 1999, we the ratifiers, together with the
States Signatories, met in New York from 11 to 13 November 2001 to promote the
entry into force of the Treaty at the earliest possible date. We welcomed the presence
of representatives of non-signatory States, international organizations and
non-governmental organizations.
2. We reaffirmed our strong determination
to enhance international peace and security throughout the world and stressed
the importance of a universal and internationally and effectively verifiable comprehensive
nuclear-test-ban treaty as a major instrument in the field of nuclear
disarmament and non-proliferation in all its aspects. We reiterated that the
cessation of all nuclear-weapon test explosions and all other nuclear
explosions, by constraining the development and qualitative improvement of
nuclear weapons and ending the development of advanced new types of nuclear
weapons, constitutes an effective measure of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation
in all its aspects and thus a meaningful step in the realization of a
systematic process to achieve nuclear disarmament. We therefore renewed our
commitment to work for universal ratification of the Treaty, and its early
entry into force as provided for in article XIV.
3. We reviewed the overall progress made since the opening
for signature of the Treaty and, in particular, the progress made after the
Conference held in Vienna from 6 to 8 October 1999. We noted with appreciation the
overwhelming support for the Treaty that has been expressed: the United Nations
General Assembly and other multilateral organs have called for signatures and ratifications
of the Treaty as soon as possible and have urged all States to remain seized of
the issue at the highest political level. We highlighted the importance of the
Treaty and its entry into force for the practical steps for systematic and
progressive efforts towards nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation, which
were identified in 2000 at international forums dealing with nuclear
disarmament and non-proliferation. We believe that the cessation of all
nuclear-weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosions will contribute
to the accomplishment of those efforts.
4. In accordance with the provisions of article XIV of the
Treaty, we examined the extent to which the requirement set out in paragraph 1
had been met and decided by consensus what measures consistent with international
law may be undertaken to accelerate the ratification process in order to
facilitate the early entry into force of the Treaty.
5. Since the Treaty was adopted by the United Nations
General Assembly and opened for signature five years ago, progress has been
made in the ratification process. As of today, 162 States have signed and 87
States have deposited their instruments of ratification, an increase of over 70
per cent compared with the number of ratifications at the time of the
Conference held in 1999. Of the 44 States listed in Annex 2 to the Treaty whose
ratification is required for the entry into force of the Treaty, 41 have
signed, and of these, 31 have also ratified the Treaty. A list of those States
is provided in the appendix. Progress in ratification has been sustained. We
welcomed this as evidence of the strong determination of States not to carry
out any nuclear-weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion, and to
prohibit and prevent any such nuclear explosion at any place under their jurisdiction
or control.
6. Despite the progress made and our strong support for the
Treaty, we noted with concern that it has not entered into force five years
after its opening for signature. We therefore stressed our determination to strengthen
efforts aimed at promoting its entry into force at the earliest possible date
in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty.
7. After the opening for signature of the CTBT, nuclear
explosions were carried out. The countries concerned subsequently declared that
they would not conduct further nuclear explosions and indicated their willingness
not to delay the entry into force of the Treaty.
8. In the light of the CTBT and bearing in mind its purpose
and objectives, we affirm that the conduct of nuclear-weapon test explosions or
any other nuclear explosion constitutes a serious threat to global efforts towards
nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation.
9. We call upon all States to maintain a moratorium on
nuclear-weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosions and underline
the importance of signature and ratification of the Treaty.
10. We noted with satisfaction the report of the Executive
Secretary of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty Organization (CTBTO) to the Conference on progress made by the
Preparatory Commission and its Provisional Technical Secretariat since November
1996 in fulfilment of the requirement to take all necessary measures to ensure
the effective establishment of the future CTBTO.
11. In this connection, we welcomed the momentum which has
been developed by the Preparatory Commission and its Provisional Technical
Secretariat across the Major Programmes of the Commission, as identified by the
Executive Secretary in his report. We also welcomed the progress in building
the global infrastructure for Treaty verification, including the International
Monitoring System, with a view to ensuring that the verification regime shall
be capable of meeting the verification requirements of the Treaty at entry into
force. We further welcomed the conclusion of a significant number of related agreements
and arrangements with States and with international organizations.
12. Convinced of the importance of achieving universal
adherence to the Treaty, welcoming the ratifications of all the States that
have done so since the 1999 Conference, and stressing in particular the steps
required to achieve its early entry into force, as provided for in article XIV
of the Treaty, we:
(a) Call upon all
States that have not yet signed the Treaty to sign and ratify it as soon as
possible and to refrain from acts which would defeat its object and purpose in
the meanwhile;
(b) Call upon all
States that have signed but not yet ratified the Treaty, in particular those
whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, to accelerate their
ratification processes with a view to early successful conclusion;
(c) Recall the fact
that two States out of three whose ratifications are needed for the Treaty’s
entry into force but which have not yet signed it have expressed their
willingness not to delay the entry into force of the Treaty, and call upon them
to sign and ratify it as soon as possible;
(d) Note the fact that
one State out of three whose ratifications are needed for the Treaty’s entry into
force but which have not yet signed it has not expressed its intention towards
the Treaty, and call upon this State to sign and ratify it as soon as possible so
as to facilitate the entry into force of the Treaty;
(e) Note the
ratification by three nuclear weapon States and call upon the remaining two to accelerate
their ratification processes with a view to early successful conclusion;
(f) In pursuit of the
early entry into force of the Treaty, undertake ourselves to use all avenues
open to us in conformity with international law, to encourage further signature
and ratification of the Treaty; and urge all States to sustain the momentum
generated by this Conference by continuing to remain seized of the issue at the
highest political level;
(g) Agree that
ratifying States will select one of their number to promote cooperation to
facilitate the early entry into force of the Treaty, through informal consultations
with all interested countries; and encourage bilateral, regional and
multilateral initiatives aimed at promoting further signatures and
ratification;
(h) Urge all States to
share legal and technical information and advice in order to facilitate the processes
of signature, ratification and implementation by the States concerned, and upon
their request. We encourage the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive
Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization and the Secretary-General of the United
Nations to continue supporting actively these efforts consistent with their
respective mandates;
(i) Call upon the
Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization
to continue its international cooperation activities to promote understanding
of the Treaty, including by demonstrating the benefits of the application of
verification technologies for peaceful purposes in accordance with the
provisions of the Treaty, in order to further encourage signature and ratification
of the Treaty;
(j) Reiterate the
appeal to all relevant sectors of civil society to raise awareness of and
support for the objectives of the Treaty, as well as its early entry into force
as provided for in article XIV of the Treaty.
13. We reaffirm our commitment to the Treaty’s basic obligations
and our undertaking to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and
purpose of the Treaty pending its entry into force.
14. We remain steadfast in our commitment to pursue the
efforts to ensure that the Treaty’s verification regime shall be capable of
meeting the verification requirements of the Treaty at entry into force, in accordance
with the provisions of article IV of the Treaty. In this context, we will
continue to provide the support required to enable the Preparatory Commission for
the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization to complete its tasks in
the most efficient and cost-effective way.
15. The Conference addressed the issue of possible future
conferences, expressed the determination of its participants to continue
working towards entry into force of the Treaty and took note of the provisions contained
in paragraph 3 of article XIV of the Treaty.
Appendix to the Final Declaration of the Conference
on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty, New York, 2001 List of States
A. States which have ratified the Treaty Argentina Iceland Peru
Australia Ireland Philippines Austria Italy Poland Azerbaijan Japan Portugal Bangladesh
Jordan Qatar Belarus Kenya Republic of Korea Belgium Kiribati Romania Benin Lao
People’s Democratic Russian Federation Bolivia Republic Saint Lucia Brazil
Lesotho Senegal Bulgaria Lithuania Sierra Leone Cambodia Luxembourg Singapore Canada
Maldives Slovakia Chile Mali Slovenia Costa Rica Malta South Africa Croatia
Mexico Spain Czech Republic Micronesia (Federated Sweden Denmark States of)
Switzerland Ecuador Monaco Tajikistan El Salvador Mongolia The former Yugoslav Estonia
Morocco Republic of Macedonia Fiji Namibia Turkey Finland Nauru Turkmenistan France
Netherlands Uganda Gabon New Zealand Ukraine Germany Nicaragua United Arab
Emirates Greece Nigeria United Kingdom of Grenada Norway Great Britain and Guyana
Panama Northern Ireland Holy See Paraguay Uruguay Hungary Uzbekistan
B. The following 44 States, whose ratification is required for the entry into
force of the Treaty in accordance with article XIV, are listed in Annex 2 to
the Treaty Algeria Egypt Poland Argentina Finland Republic of Korea Australia
France Romania Austria Germany Russian Federation Bangladesh Hungary Slovakia Belgium
India South Africa Brazil Indonesia Spain Bulgaria Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Sweden Canada Israel Switzerland Chile Italy Turkey China Japan Ukraine Colombia
Mexico United Kingdom of Democratic People’s Netherlands Great Britain and Republic
of Korea Norway Northern Ireland Democratic Republic Pakistan United States of
America of the Congo Peru Viet Nam
1. States listed in Annex 2 to the Treaty which have
signed and ratified the Treaty Argentina Germany Russian
Federation Australia Hungary Slovakia Austria Italy South Africa Bangladesh
Japan Spain Belgium Mexico Sweden Brazil Netherlands Switzerland Bulgaria
Norway Turkey Canada Peru Ukraine Chile Poland United Kingdom of Finland
Republic of Korea Great Britain and France Romania Northern Ireland
2. States listed in Annex 2 to the Treaty which have
signed but not ratified the Treaty Algeria Egypt United States
of America China Indonesia Viet Nam Colombia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Democratic
Republic Israel of the Congo
3. States listed in Annex 2 to the Treaty which have
not signed the Treaty Democratic People’s India Pakistan Republic
of Korea