RESIDUAL LEVELSAfter the 40-month reduction period, how had the situation in Europe changed? What remained? Tables 7-3 and 7-4 list the holdings of TLE declared by each state at the end of the reduction period. They also show the net change in holdings from July 17, 1992, to November 17, 1995. The change was significant. The two groups of states' combined decrease was 64,854 pieces of TLE: the Eastern nations were down by 37,482 pieces while the NATO states dropped 27,372 items. Both groups were below the treaty's ceilings in each TLE category. Several states, such as Turkey, showed increases in equipment because their national ceilings, agreed upon within their group of states, were higher than their holdings, allowing them to increase their forces through purchases or cascading. |
Table 7-3. Residual Levels -- NATO States (November 17, 1995)
Tanks | ACVs | Artillery | Aircraft | Helicopters | Totals | |||||||
Declared Nov 95 | Decrease From EIF | Declared Nov 95 | Decrease From EIF | Declared Nov 95 | Decrease From EIF | Declared Nov 95 | Decrease From EIF | Declared Nov 95 | Decrease From EIF | Declared Nov 95 | Decrease From EIF | |
Belgium | 334 | 28 | 704 | 679 | 316 | 62 | 169 | 33 | 46 | +38 | 1,569 | 764 |
Canada | 0 | 76 | 0 | 136 | 6 | 26 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 266 |
Denmark | 343 | 156 | 303 | 13 | 552 | 1 | 75 | 31 | 12 | 0 | 1,285 | 201 |
France | 1,289 | 46 | 3,556 | 831 | 1,251 | 185 | 667 | 28 | 317 | 49 | 7,080 | 1,139 |
Germany | 3,061 | 4,109 | 2,679 | 6,420 | 2,056 | 2,679 | 578 | 462 | 225 | 31 | 8,599 | 13,701 |
Greece | 1,735 | 236 | 2,324 | +892 | 1,878 | 97 | 489 | +34 | 6 | +6 | 6,432 | +599 |
Iceland | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Italy | 1,162 | 70 | 2.986 | 788 | 1,939 | 74 | 524 | 18 | 137 | 39 | 6,748 | 989 |
Luxembourg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Netherlands | 734 | 179 | 1,002 | 443 | 580 | 257 | 182 | +6 | 0 | 90 | 2,498 | 963 |
Norway | 170 | 35 | 203 | +79 | 246 | 298 | 75 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 694 | 268 |
Portugal | 174 | +28 | 367 | +87 | 320 | 34 | 105 | +13 | 0 | 0 | 966 | +94 |
Spain | 630 | 228 | 1,199 | 24 | 1,210 | 158 | 188 | +10 | 28 | 0 | 3,255 | 400 |
Turkey | 2,608 | 400 | 2,450 | +391 | 3,125 | +18 | 387 | +27 | 20 | +9 | 8,590 | +45 |
United Kingdom | 662 | 497 | 2,574 | 632 | 536 | +2 | 640 | 117 | 342 | 47 | 4,754 | 1,291 |
United States | 1,254 | 3,909 | 2,238 | 2,725 | 854 | 1,119 | 222 | 176 | 150 | 199 | 4,718 | 8,128 |
TOTAL | 14,156 | 9,941 | 22,585 | 11,242 | 14,869 | 4,970 | 4,301 | 817 | 1,283 | 402 | 57,194 | 27,372 |
Bloc Authorized TLE Levels | 20,000 | 30,000 | 20,000 | 6,800 | 2,000 | 78,800 |
Source:"Fact file: Final Weapons Reductions Under the CFE Treaty," Arms Control Today, December 1995/January 1996.
Table 7-4. Residual Levels -- Eastern States (November 17, 1995)
Tanks | ACVs | Artillery | Aircraft | Helicopters | Total | |||||||
Declared Nov 95 | Decrease From EIF | Declared Nov 95 | Decrease From EIF | Declared Nov 95 | Decrease From EIF | Declared Nov 95 | Decrease From EIF | Declared Nov 95 | Decrease From EIF |
Declared Nov 95 | Decrease From EIF | |
Armenia | 102 | N/A | 285 | N/A | 225 | N/A | 6 | N/A | 7 | N/A | 625 | N/A |
Azerbaijan | 285 | +151 | 835 | +722 | 343 | +217 | 58 | +43 | 18 | +9 | 1,539 | +1,142 |
Belarus | 2,320 | 1,137 | 2,984 | 840 | 1,533 | 29 | 335 | 55 | 79 | +3 | 7,251 | 2,058 |
Bulgaria | 1,475 | 794 | 1,985 | 247 | 1,750 | 404 | 235 | 100 | 44 | 0 | 5,489 | 1,545 |
Czech Republic | 953 | 850 | 1,363 | 1,152 | 767 | 956 | 187 | 41 | 36 | 1 | 3,306 | 3,000 |
Georgia | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Hungary | 835 | 510 | 1,540 | 191 | 840 | 207 | 144 | +1 | 59 | +20 | 3,418 | 887 |
Kazakstan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Moldova | 0 | 0 | 209 | +111 | 155 | +47 | 27 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 391 | +155 |
Poland | 1,720 | 1,130 | 1,516 | 880 | 1,581 | 734 | 400 | 109 | 92 | +62 | 5,309 | 2,791 |
Romania | 1,375 | 1,592 | 2,073 | 1,098 | 1,471 | 2,471 | 373 | 135 | 16 | +1 | 5,308 | 5,295 |
Russia | 5,492 | 3,846 | 10,372 | 9,027 | 5,680 | 2,646 | 2,986 | 1,638 | 826 | 179 | 25,356 | 17,336 |
Slovak Republic | 478 | 423 | 683 | 575 | 383 | 478 | 114 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 1,677 | 1,476 |
Ukraine | 4,026 | 2,102 | 4,919 | 1,784 | 3,727 | +136 | 1,008 | 640 | 270 | 1 | 13,950 | 4,391 |
TOTAL | 19,061 | 12,223 | 28,764 | 14,961 | 18,455 | 7,525 | 5,873 | 2,677 | 1,466 | 86 | 73,619 | 37,482 |
Bloc Authorized TLE Levels | 20,000 | 30,000 | 20,000 | 6,800 | 2,000 | 78,800 |
Source: "Fact file: Final Weapons Reduction Under the CFE Treaty," Arms Control Today, December 1995/January1996.
The total decrease in TLE was not
entirely the result of treaty reductions or a need to
fulfill treaty-obligated reductions. While the United
States fulfilled its reduction obligations, it also
withdrew many of its forces from Europe for political and
economic reasons. Some nations--Russia, Poland,
Ukraine--reduced TLE beyond their required liabilities
for economic reasons. Other nations exported small
quantities of weapons. Iceland and Luxembourg were signatories but held no TLE, so they reported none. Georgia and Armenia made no declaration at entry into force, and Georgia did not make a declaration in November 1995. Both were involved in fighting during the period and disputed total numbers of items attributed to them from the Tashkent agreement. |